Essential oils of Cupressus funebris, Juniperus communis, and J. chinensis (Cupressaceae) as repellents against ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and as toxicants against mosquitoes

Abstract

Essential oils of Cupressus funebris, Juniperus communis, and J. chinensis (Cupressaceae) as repellents against ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and as toxicants against mosquitoes ABSTRACT: Juniperus communis leaf oil, J. chinensis wood oil, and Cupressus funebris wood oil (Cupressaceae) from China were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified 104 compounds, representing 66.8-95.5% of the oils. The major components were: α-pinene (27.0%), α-terpinene (14.0%), and linalool (10.9%) for J. communis; cuparene (11.3%) and δ-cadinene (7.8%) for J. chinensis; and α-cedrene (16.9%), cedrol (7.6%), and β-cedrene (5.7%) for C. funebris. The essential oils of C. funebris, J. chinensis, and J. communis were evaluated for repellency against adult yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.), host-seeking nymphs of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), and the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and for toxicity against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults, all in laboratory bioassays. All the oils were repellent to both species of ticks. The EC 95 values of C. funebris, J. communis, and J. chinensis against A. americanum were 0.426, 0.508, and 0.917 mg oil/cm 2 filter paper, respectively, compared to 0.683 mg deet/cm 2 filter paper. All I. scapularis nymphs were repelled by 0.103 mg oil/cm 2 filter paper of C. funebris oil. At 4 h after application, 0.827 mg oil/cm 2 filter paper, C. funebris and J. chinensis oils repelled ≥80% of A. americanum nymphs. The oils of C. funebris and J. chinensis did not prevent female Ae. aegypti from biting at the highest dosage tested (1.500 mg/cm 2 ). However, the oil of J. communis had a Minimum Effective Dosage (estimate of ED 99 ) for repellency of 0.029 ± 0.018 mg/cm 2 ; this oil was nearly as potent as deet. The oil of J. chinensis showed a mild ability to kill Ae. aegypti larvae, at 80 and 100% at 125 and 250 ppm, respectively. Journal of Vector Ecology 36 (2): 258-268. 2011.

In vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

“…Carrol et al [22] reported repellent action of juniper oil against two species of ticks ( Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ). Studies conducted by Dietrich et al [23] and Dolan et al [24] have reported that the J. communis oil is a rich source of anti-tick compounds with well-known repellent and insecticidal activities.…”

Evidence for Personal Protective Measures to Reduce Human Contact With Blacklegged Ticks and for Environmentally Based Control Methods to Suppress Host-Seeking Blacklegged Ticks and Reduce Infection with Lyme Disease Spirochetes in Tick Vectors and Rodent Reservoirs

“…Laboratory assays with I. scapularis have demonstrated repellency for synthetic chemical compounds (e.g., deet, EBAAP [IR3535], icaridin [also known as picaridin], AI3-37220, and SS220) as well as natural product compounds in the form of plant essential oils or their components (e.g., amyris essential oil, callicarpenal, carvacrol, Chinese juniper essential oil, Chinese weeping cedar essential oil, common juniper essential oil, elemol, geraniol, intermedeol, isolongifolenone, nootkatone, and 2-undecanone from wild tomato plants; Carroll et al 1989, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011; Dietrich et al 2006; Carroll 2008; Bissinger et al 2009, 2014; Feaster et al 2009; Zhang et al 2009; Dolan and Panella 2011; Büchel et al 2015). Several of these compounds can be applied to skin and clothing and have been evaluated for repellent efficacy against I. scapularis in the field (Table 1).…”

Identification of the components of the essential oil from Trollius europaeus flowers

“…The compounds also exhibit antimicrobial activity. Essential oils and/or their components are widely used by humans in medicine, cosmetics, food industry, and agriculture (Dekker et al 2011;Logan et al 2010;Carroll et al 2011).…”