Essential oils in the control of dry bubble disease in white button mushroom

Abstract

Lecanicillium fungicola, which causes Dry bubble disease, induces infections and inflicts major losses in champignon production. The control can be managed through measures of hygiene and use of fungicides; however, in Brazil there are no registered products. This study aimed to estimate the influence of various essential oils extracted from Melissa officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Syzygium aromaticum on the in vitro development and their uses. Therefore, analysis was performed of the L. fungicola isolates in vitro and the best oils were tested in vivo. Besides, the Agaricus bisporus - L. fungicola interaction was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cinnamon and clove oils in concentrations of 0.4% and thyme oil of 0.8% were identified as good growth inhibitors of the pathogenic mycelium. Effective inhibition of the conidial germination was seen in all concentrations by cinnamon oil, and by clove and thyme oils only at 0.4% and 0.8%, respectively. When the essential oils were applied post-infestation in the in vivo experiments the incidence of the disease in the mushrooms was much lower. From the SEM it was clear that 19 hours after the inoculation of A. bisporus with L. fungicola, the spores had already completely germinated, revealing the presence of the infection. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that the oil extracts of cinnamon, clove and thyme are potential and efficient alternatives in the control of dry bubble disease.

Infection Process and Genome Assembly Provide Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanism of Destructive Mycoparasite Calcarisporium cordycipiticola with Host Specificity

“…cordycipiticola can be cultured on artificial media besides mycoparasitism, but no morphologic alteration of C. militaris was observed when the dual culture of C. militaris and C. cordycipiticola on PDA plates was performed (Figure S6). The same results were observed with dual culture between A. bisporus and L. fungicola [96], A. bisporus and H. perniciosus [97]. It was suggested that the interactions between mushrooms and pathogens on plates (pythogenesis) are different from infecting on the fruiting bodies (mycoparasites).…”

Effects of gas type and cold plasma treatment time on Lecanicillium fungicola spores reduction and changes in qualitative, chemical, and physiological characteristics of button mushroom during postharvest storage

“…fungicola (PTCC: IRAN 2270C) was isolated from a diseased A. bisporus fruiting body from Tehran, Iran, in 2014. The mycoparasites were maintained in PDA medium under refrigeration and re‐cultured every 1 month (dos Santos et al, 2017). One protective bead of L. fungicola was located in the middle of PDA medium and incubated at 20°C for 7 days or until an adequate growth occurred (Stanojević et al, 2019).…”

Control of Fungal Diseases in Mushroom Crops while Dealing with Fungicide Resistance: A Review

“…Therefore, the fungitoxic effect observed in vitro against L. fungicola and the results achieved showing a better response of aerated compost tea from SMC in comparison to prochloraz-Mn to prevent dry bubble disease in crop trials [ 54 ] suggest that the application of compost teas could be a suitable alternative to common fungicides. In addition to compost teas, EOs from aromatic plants have also shown fungitoxic effect in plate (cinnamon, thyme, and clove oils were the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth and conidia germination of L. fungicola ) and effectiveness in crop applications (particularly effective in application after infestation) [ 56 ]. However, the selectivity of EOs towards the parasite is reduced and all the EOs tested by Geösel et al [ 76 ] caused damage in the crop, inhibiting the growth of host mycelium and causing necrotic spots on mushroom caps.…”

“…Oil treatments prevent pathogenic conidia germination when applied post-infection probably due to the presence of phenolic compounds in their composition. Dos Santos et al [56] Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of two EOs, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) tested by microdilution, macrodilution fumigant, and macrodilution contact method.…”