Essential Oils from Plants and in Vitro Shoots of Hypericum androsaemum L.

Abstract

The essential oil yields obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Hypericum androsaemum cultivated plants varied from 0.94 to 4.09 mg/g of biomass dry weight, depending of the harvest time. The respective analyses performed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed more than 80 compounds, 72 of which were identified. Most of the compounds were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, which, depending of the harvest time, corresponded to 43-78% of the total essential oil. The other compounds were distributed as monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes, n-alkanes, 1-alkenes, and oxygen-containing monoterpenes, these being a minor group. In H. androsaemum in vitro shoots, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons represented >80% of the respective essential oil. Differences in the essential oil composition were found depending on the harvest time and origin, in vivo versus in vitro, of the plant material. The essential oil sampled in November was characterized by the highest levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and a high number of n-alkanes and 1-alkenes, from C(18) to C(28), whereas that sampled in June of the following year showed the highest levels of n-nonane and 1-octene as well as monoterpene hydrocarbons, the second most representative group.

Comparison between Hypericum triquetrifolium Leaves and Derived Calli in Essential Oil Content

“…The main components of the oil were: germacrene D (18.6%), 2-methyloctane (9.5%), bicyclogermacrene (5.0%) and (E)-β-ocimene (4.6%) [25], some of these oil derivatives were not found in the current study, this may due to the variation of Hypeicum sp. Mainly because seasonal variation, geographic distribution, phenological cycle and type of the organ in which essential oils are produced and/or accumulated [26,27], as well as conditions of biomass growth (e.g.…”

Hypericum sp.: essential oil composition and biological activities

“…Nevertheless, low yields of secondary metabolites have been obtained in this kind of cultures (Kirakosyan et al 2004). To the best of our knowledge, EO composition upon in vitro cultures has been reported only in H. androsaemum (Guedes et al 2003, Guedes 2009). In the EO isolated from shoots of H. androsaemum, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons was the major group of compounds, representing more than 80% of the total EO.…”

“…This technology mostly offers the possibility of having a controlled system of production, ensuring a continuous supply of products with uniform quality and yield (Lila 2005). Successful protocols of in vitro micropropagation of many Hypericum species have already been reported (Cardoso and De Oliveira 1996;Moura 1998;Baruah et al 2001;Guedes et al 2003;Franklin and Dias 2006;Bernardi et al 2007;Guedes 2009;Danova et al 2010). However, H. perforatum is the species more intensively studied in terms of shoot regeneration from leaves (Pretto and Santarém 2000;Wójcik and Podstolski 2007), hypocotyls (Murch et al 2000), shoot cuttings (Cellarova et al 1995), stamens (Kirakosyan et al 2000) and roots (Zobayed and Saxena 2003;Cui et al 2010).…”

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. in vitro sob influência do meio de cultura

“…Guedes et al (2003) estudaram a produção de óleo essencial de plantas de Hypericum androsaemum L. cultivadas em meio que continha os macronutrientes de Margara N30K (MARGARA, 1989) Cada amostra foi composta por 20 g de plântulas frescas (aproximadamente 180 plântulas com cerca de 6 cm de comprimento cada).…”

“…Pesquisas de Guedes et al (2003), com óleo essencial de plantas in vivo e in vitro de Hypericum androsaemum L., indicaram que o conteúdo de óleo essencial obtido a partir de brotos cultivados in vitro foi seis vezes menor quando comparado com plantas cultivadas in vivo. Os autores atribuíram este resultado à imaturidade dos brotos cultivados in vitro e também às condições de crescimento das plântulas.…”