Essential Oils and Their Constituents: Xxii. Detection of New Trace Components in Oil of Ginger

Nigam, M. C.; Nigam, Ishwar C.; Levi, Leo; Handa, K. L.

doi:10.1139/v64-382

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…trans-P-Farnesene cannot be confused with ( E , E)-a-farnesene because it elutes much earlier. The high percentage of farnesene reported by Nigam et al, (1964) is probably an error.…”

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…If one looks at the reported isolations of azingiberene then there are only four oils with a low content (see Table 2). Nigam et al (1964) also reported the occurrence of P-zingiberene. However, in this study the chromatogram showed no separation between the a and p isomers; the identification method used was IR which may not be the best technique to distinguish between the two structures: the detection of pzingiberene should be considered dubious.…”

Section: (Ee)-a-farnesene (3)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…P-Sesquiphellandrene (4) is reported absent or in low concentrations in about half of the investigations (see Table 2). As mentioned, Nigam et al (1964) did not know of the existence of 8-sesquiphellandrene and thus identified the last large peak in his chromatogram as farnesene. Sakamura and Hayashi (1978) did not report P-sesquiphellandrene in their oil in their early work, but in 1987 Sakamura identified this compound in exactly the same oil sample.…”

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The reported low concentrations of P-bisabolene (2) can be explained either by insufficient separation from a-zingiberene resulting in inaccurate integrations (Nigam et al, 1964;Narayanan and Mathew, 1985;Srinivas, 1986) or by the proximity of relative high concentrations of oxygenated compounds. The latter is the case with some Japanese ginger oils (Sakamura and Hayashi, 1978;Sakamura, 1987).…”

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and identification of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of ginger

Beek¹,

Lelyveld²

1991

Phytochemical Analysis

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Forty-eight different ginger oils from nine countries spanning four continents have been investigated by dual capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). All oils were found to contain the same five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Two of them were isolated in one step from an Indian oil by an efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation. The other three were isolated by a combination of RP-HPLC and preparative capillary GC. They were identified by UV, MS, 'H NMR and I3C NMR as a-zingiberene (I), P-hisabolene (2), (E,E)-a-farnesene (3), P-sesquiphellandrene (4) and ar-curcumene (5). The reported absence of some of these compounds in earlier studies could in many cases be explained by unsatisfactory separations, misidentifications and confusion in the nomenclature. a-zingiberene;/3-bisabolene; ( E , E)-a-farnesene;decided therefore to investigate a larger range of oils, to isolate and identify unequivocally the main sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and to study the published reports in closer detail to see whether the reported variation was valid or not. This paper reports the results of these studies. EXPERIMENTALPlant material. Zingiber oficinafe Roscoe rhizomes were collected (Vietnam, Indonesia, Ciskei) or bought (Thailand, Malaysia) locally. Brazilian ginger was purchased fresh in the Netherlands. Almost all of the above rhizomes were hydrodistilled in our laboratory with the apparatus described in the European Pharmacopoeia. A few of the larger Indonesian samples were steam-distilled in our laboratory. The other oil from Ciskei and the Australian and Nepalese oil were steamdistilled locally. The Indian oil was bought commercially. GC. A Varian 3300 gas chromatograph equipped with one split/splitless injection system, a 1 : 1 inlet splitter, two columns and two FI detectors was used. The two columns were a J&W 60 m DB-1,0.25 mm i.d. and 0.25 ym film thickness and a J&W 60m DB-WAX, 0.25 mm i.d. and 0.25 pm film thickness, respectively. Split ratio 1 : 100, carrier gas HZ, inlet pressure 20 psi, linear velocity 35cm/s; temp. prog. 50°C (Omin hold) to 238°C (8 min hold) at 4"/min; inj. temp. 220°C; det. temp. 260°C. Retention indices. All indices are Kovats indices. They were calculated by comparing the retention times of the compounds of interest with those of the C(7-23) alkanes. SESQUII'ERPENE IIYDROCARBONS OF GINGER OIL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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“…trans-P-Farnesene cannot be confused with ( E , E)-a-farnesene because it elutes much earlier. The high percentage of farnesene reported by Nigam et al, (1964) is probably an error.…”

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: (Ee)-a-farnesene (3)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Proportions Of Zingiberene P-bisabolene Farnesene P-sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and identification of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of ginger

Beek¹,

Lelyveld²

1991

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…26 The ginger oil contains a mixture of constituents such as monoterpenes, namely phellandrene, camphene, cineole, linalool, limonene, citral, geraniol, citronellol, borneol and sesquiterpenes, namely α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, zingiberol and zingiberenol along with some aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The composition of volatile oil is highly variable depending upon a variety of factors including their geographical origin, distillation procedures, post harvest treatment, processing, drying conditions and temperature. [41][42][43] In the present communication, we report essential oil composition of the rhizomes of Z. officinale from Ghaziabad region and its antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Fresh Rhizome Essential Oil of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Sharma¹,

Singh²,

Ali³

2016

Phcogj

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Background: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) is a rhizomatous perennial herb found in tropical Asia. It is extensively used worldwide as a spice, flavoring agent and herbal remedy for cold, throat and chest infections and cough. The present study was carried out to analyse an essential oil from the fresh rhizomes of Z. officinale of Ghaziabad region and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: The fresh rhizomes were hydrodistilled to get the essential oil which was analysed by GC and GC-MS techniques. The oil was evaluated for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. Results and Discussion: The essential oil was characterized by high percentage of sesquiterpenes (66.66%), monoterpenes (17.28%) and aliphatic compounds (13.58%). The predominant sesquiterpene was zingiberene (46.71%) followed by valencene (7.61%), β-funebrene (3.09%) and selina-4(14),7(11)-diene (1.03%). The major monoterpenes were characterized as citronellyl n-butyrate (19.34%), β-phellandrene (3.70%), camphene (2.59%) and α-pinene (1.09%). The essential oil exhibited significant antimi-crobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Conclusion:The essential oil mainly contained a large number of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms.

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Composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) volatile oils from Nigeria

Ekundayo

Laakso

Hiltunen

1988

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The chemical composition of the ginger oils (obtained by hydrodistillation) of fresh and dried rhizomes of Nigerian origin were investigated by means of a combination of column chromatography, high resolution gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS. The essential oils contained mainly mono-and sesqui-terpenoids of which geranial, neral, 1 ,&cineole, zingiberene, f3-bisabolene and f3-sesquiphellandrene were the major components. Among the 54 constituents identified, (E)(E)-a-farnesene, viridiflorol and (E)(E)-farnesal have not been found previously in ginger.

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Essential Oils and Their Constituents: Xxii. Detection of New Trace Components in Oil of Ginger

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Isolation and identification of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of ginger

Isolation and identification of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of ginger

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Fresh Rhizome Essential Oil of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) volatile oils from Nigeria

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