Essential Oils and Antioxidants Derived From Citrus By-Products in Food Protection and Medicine: An Introduction and Review of Recent Literature

Screening of Commercial and Pecan Shell-Extracted Liquid Smoke Agents as Natural Antimicrobials against Foodborne Pathogens

“…Different natural or organic alternative antimicrobials, such as bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and natural plant extracts such as essential oils and liquid smokes, have been studied for their antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms (4,10,16,22,26). The commercial production of liquid smoke is typically done using a pyrolysis process involving thermal decomposition of wood (containing 10% moisture at 400 to 500°C) in retorts or rotary ovens under absence of oxygen, followed by a water spray to capture the resulting smoke and separation of the light and heavy fractions by gravity (1).…”

Salmonella Control in Food Production

“…Of the various plant compounds that have been examined essential oils (EOs) from various plants have been one of the more thoroughly examined family of compounds for their potential as antimicrobials as well as myriad other potentially beneficial applications (Bakkali et al, 2008;Hardin et al, 2010;Callaway et al, 2011a;Rivera Calo et al, 2015). The term "essential" derives from the fact that these oils are responsible for the distinctive taste and aroma or "essence" that distinguishes the particular plant of origin (Hardin et al, 2010). These naturally occurring antimicrobials have extensive histories of their use in foods and can be identified from various components of the plants including leaves, barks, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits (Rahman and Gray, 2002;Erasto et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2004).…”

“…These naturally occurring antimicrobials have extensive histories of their use in foods and can be identified from various components of the plants including leaves, barks, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits (Rahman and Gray, 2002;Erasto et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2004). They are widely used in part because they meet the criteria of being readily acceptable from a regulatory standpoint, are already fairly common in human foodstuffs, and possess the capacity to be generated from large-scale industrial sources such as the citrus industry (Hardin et al, 2010). Brenes and Roura (2010) suggested that plant EOs have utility in poultry nutrition for enhancing the production of digestive secretions, stimulating blood circulation, exerting antioxidant properties, and perhaps enhancing immune status.…”

“…In ruminants, EOs have been touted as beneficial rumen fermentation modifiers for lowering methane production and altering volatile fermentation acids (Calsamiglia et al, 2007;Chaves et al, 2008). Plant EOs have also been widely used for a variety of medicinal and cosmetic purposes (Hardin et al, 2010).…”

Chemical Composition and Antiproliferative Activity of Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Citrus Fruits

“…These beneficial effects of citrus fruits are attributed to their chemical constituents including vitamins, dietary fiber, carotenoids, flavonoids, lipids, and essential oils (Hardin et al, 2010). Citrus fruits, citrus fruit extracts, essential oils, and flavonoids exhibit a wide range of promising biological properties including anticancer activity (Jayaprakasha et al, 2008;Ejaz et al, 2006).…”