Essential Oils and Antifungal Activity

Nazzaro, Filomena; Fratianni, Florinda; Coppola, Raffaele; Feo, Vincenzo De

doi:10.3390/ph10040086

Cited by 506 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…; Nazzaro et al . ). Previous studies showed that various natural plant extracts are believed to have antifungal property and many essential oils have been reported to have antifungal activities, such as Syzygium aromaticum against Alternaria alternata (Costa et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Essential oils are considered as alternative biological control compounds due to their inhibitory activity on pathogen growth either as main components or as antimicrobial adjuvants (Abdel-Kader et al 2011;Nazzaro et al 2017). Previous studies showed that various natural plant extracts are believed to have antifungal property and many essential oils have been reported to have antifungal activities, such as Syzygium aromaticum against Letters in Applied Microbiology 67, 400--410 © 2018 The Society for Applied Microbiology Alternaria alternata (Costa et al 2011); Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum against Phytophthora species (Amini et al 2016); and Mentha piperita and Pelargonium roseum against Lecanicilium fungicola (Mehrparvar et al 2016), among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are characterized by two or three major components at reasonable high concentrations (20-70%) compared to other components present in trace amounts. Several metabolites have been reported as effective biopesticides against various species of phytopathogens (Bakkali et al 2008;Abdolahi et al 2010;Bajpai and Kang 2010;Hillen et al 2012;Abbaszadeh et al 2014;Nazzaro et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom

Diánez

Santos

Parra

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Due to the serious damage caused by fungal pathogens of vegetables and mushrooms, it is necessary to search for integrated strategies of disease control. This study provides relevant information about the effects of 12 essential oils (EOs) against eight pathogens of agricultural interest, included mycopathogens with emphasis on the possible future application of the EOs as alternative antifungal agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom

Diánez

Santos

Parra

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Moreover, some EOs may inhibit the action of some enzymes, including mitochondrial enzymes such as lactate, malate, and succinate dehydrogenases. These enzymes are involved in ATP biosynthesis (Chen et al 2013; Nazzaro et al 2017) as well as H + -ATPase activity; inhibiting these processes leads to intracellular acidification and cell death (Ahmad et al 2013). The inhibition of mycelial growth also depends on the concentration of EOs (Dambolena et al 2010; Gömöri et al 2013; Sumalan et al 2013; Kumar et al 2014; Elgorban et al 2015; Perczak et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity of selected essential oils against Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum and their secondary metabolites in wheat seeds

et al. 2019

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Essential oils (EOs) are products of plant origin and include mixtures of different chemical compounds. These volatile substances have many interesting properties, including antifungal properties. Fungi may develop under field conditions on crops such as wheat or corn and are able to synthesize mycotoxins, which adversely affect livestock and human health. In the present study, selected EOs were used to inhibit the growth of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum and reduce the concentrations of mycotoxins in wheat grain. The EOs significantly inhibited the growth of tested Fusarium species (90.99–99.99%), as determined based on ergosterol quantitative analysis. Only the addition of orange oil to F. culmorum exhibits a different inhibition capacity (68.13%). EO application resulted in a large reduction in zearalenone content (99.08–99.99%); only in the case of orange oil application was the reduction estimated at approximately 68.33%. However, all EOs provided a significant reduction in the concentration levels of group B trichothecenes (94.51–100%). It can be concluded that EOs inhibit the growth of fungi of the genus Fusarium and reduce concentration levels of the mycotoxins zearalenone and group B trichothecenes.

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“…This direct antimicrobial or antifungal activity of EOs might mainly be caused by the properties of their terpenes/terpenoids, that—due to their highly lipophilic nature and low molecular weight—are capable of disrupting the cell membrane, causing cell death or inhibiting the sporulation and germination of fungi (42). Antifungal properties are generally linked to cell membrane disruption, alteration and inhibition of cell wall formation, dysfunction of the fungal mitochondria, inhibition of efflux pumps and / or ROS production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oregano essential oil vapour preventsPlasmopora viticolainfection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) by triggering autoimmune metabolic pathways

Rienth

Crovadore

Ghaffari

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The reduction of synthetic fungicides in agriculture a major challenge in maintaining sustainable production, protecting the environment and consumers’ health. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopora viticola is the major pathogen in viticulture worldwide and responsible for up to 60% of pesticide treatments. Alternatives to reduce fungicides are thus utterly needed to ensure sustainable vineyard-ecosystems, consumer health and public acceptance. Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives and have shown their antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties on several agricultural crops. However, the efficiency of EOs highly depends on timing, application method and the molecular interactions between the host, the pathogen and EO. Despite proven EO efficiency, the underlying processes are still not understood and remain a black box. The objectives of the present study were: a) to evaluate whether a continuous fumigation of a particular EO can control downy mildew in order to circumvent the drawbacks of direct application, b) to decipher molecular mechanisms that could be triggered in the host and the pathogen by EO application and c) to try to differentiate whether essential oils directly repress the oomycete or act as plant resistance primers.A custom-made climatic chamber was used for a continuous fumigation of potted vines with different EOs during long-term experiments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv Chasselas was chosen in reason of its high susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Grapevine cuttings were infected with P. viticola. and subsequently exposed to continuous fumigation of different EOs at different concentrations, during 2 application time spans (24 hours and 10 days). Experiments were stopped when infection symptoms were clearly observed on the leaves of the control plants. Plant physiology (photosynthesis and growth rate parameters) were recorded and leaves were sampled at different time points for subsequent RNA extraction and transcriptomics analysis. Strikingly, the Oregano vulgare essential oil vapour treatment during 24h post-infection proved to be sufficient to reduce downy mildew development by 95%. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 24h and 10d treatments and used for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced reads were then mapped onto the V. vinifera and P. viticola genomes. Less than 1% of reads could be mapped onto the P. viticola genome from treated samples, whereas up to 30 % reads from the controls mapped onto the P. viticola genome, thereby confirming the visual observation of P. viticola absence in the treated plants. On average, 80 % of reads could be mapped onto the V. vinifera genome for differential expression analysis, which yielded 4800 modulated genes. Transcriptomic data clearly showed that the treatment triggered the plant’s innate immune system with genes involved in salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene synthesis and signaling, activating Pathogenenesis-Related-proteins as well as phytoalexin synthesis.These results elucidate EO-host-pathogen interactions for the first time and indicate that the antifungal efficiency of EO is mainly due to the triggering of resistance pathways inside the host plants. This is of major importance for the production and research on biopesticides, plant stimulation products and for resistance-breeding strategiesAuthor SummaryThe reduction of synthetic plant protection products is a major concern of modern agriculture. The oomycetePlasmopora viticolawhich causes downy mildew in grapevine is amongst the most important grapevine pests and responsible for the dispersion of huge amounts of pesticides in vineyards. Among the evaluated alternatives to reduce or replace synthetic pesticides, plant volatile compounds could represent a sustainable solution. Some plant essential oils (EOs) have already shown antifungal capacities. However, their application is often difficult in terms of the right timing of treatment, degradation, bad rainfastness, mixability and phytotoxicity.The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the vapour phase, applied by a continuous fumigation of different EOs, might inhibit the development of downy mildew on grapevine, and in case of proven efficiency, to study the induced transcriptomic changes by RNA-sequencing in an attempt to elucidate the underlaying molecular interactions. Our results showed that the vapour phases ofO. vulgareandT. vulgariswere highly efficient against the pathogen. The study of differentially expressed genes indicated that the EO vapour triggered the main mechanisms of the plant’s innate immune system such as PTI (Pattern-Triggered Immunity) and ETI (Effector Triggered immunity).For the first time these results highlight the effects of EOs vapour on plant genes expression, which is very valuable information for the development of new natural plant protection products, as well as for breeding disease resistant cultivars.

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Essential Oils and Antifungal Activity

Cited by 506 publications

References 138 publications

Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom

Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom

Antifungal activity of selected essential oils against Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum and their secondary metabolites in wheat seeds

Oregano essential oil vapour preventsPlasmopora viticolainfection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) by triggering autoimmune metabolic pathways

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