Essential Oil from Berries of Lebanese Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb Displays Similar Antibacterial Activity to Chlorhexidine but Higher Cytocompatibility with Human Oral Primary Cells

Abstract

Chlorhexidine (CHX), one of the most effective drugs administered for periodontal treatment, presents collateral effects including toxicity when used for prolonged periods; OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 9345 here, we have evaluated the bactericidal potency and the cytocompatibility of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb essential oil (EO) in comparison with 0.05% CHX. The EO was extracted from berries by hydrodistillation and components identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Bacterial inhibition halo analysis, quantitative cell viability 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenyl amino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay (XTT), and colony forming unit (CFU) count were evaluated against the two biofilm formers Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans. Finally, cytocompatibility was assessed with human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and mucosal keratinocytes (HK). The resulting EO was mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. An inhibition halo test demonstrated that both bacteria were sensitive to the EO; XTT analysis and CFU counts confirmed that 10-fold-diluted EO determined a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in bacteria count and viability towards both biofilm and planktonic forms in a comparable manner to those obtained with CHX. Moreover, EO displayed higher cytocompatibility than CHX (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EO exhibited bactericidal activity similar to CHX, but a superior cytocompatibility, making it a promising antiseptic alternative to CHX.

Rutin, a Quercetin Glycoside, Restores Chemosensitivity in Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…Primary HMFs were obtained by a 30‐min enzymatic digestion (1 mg mL −1 collagenase, 0.3 mg mL −1 dispase, 0.25% trypsin in PBS, at 37°C) (Azzimonti et al , ; Cochis et al , ) of fresh human tissues, collected from breast cancer patients. After incubation, the enzyme activities were inhibited by adding complete medium, α‐MEM plus 10% heat inactivated FBS and 1% antibiotics; the solution was filtered through a 100 μm cell strainer and centrifuged for 5 min at 900 rpm.…”

Bio-guided fractionation of prenylated benzaldehyde derivatives as potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm from Ammi majus L. fruits-associated Aspergillus amstelodami

“…This pure compound revealed the best antimicrobial results against all types of tested microorganisms. More interesting that both AME and FEA extracts showed very low cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblastic cell line BHK while compound 1 dihydroauroglaucin revealed only moderate cytotoxicity at the highest used dose, revealing good cytocompatibility with human normal cell lines [7] The fungal extract fractions were found to contain active secondary metabolites as prenylated benzaldehyde derivatives namely; dihydroauroglaucin (1), tetrahydroauroglaucin (2), 2-(-3,6-dihydroxy-hepta-1,4-dien-1-yl)-3,6-dihydroxy-5-(dimethylallyl)benzaldehyde (3), isotetrahydroauroglaucin (4), and flavoglaucin (5). These compounds were previously isolated from different Aspergillus sp.…”

Antimicrobial Effect of Capsaicin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

“…However, they used the microdilution method and also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of a MIH of 1.6% and MBC of 6.4%. It is very plausible the fact of the inhibition of the growth of the bacterial species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was lower in the different concentrations of capsaicin when compared with 0.12% of chlorhexidine , since the latter is considered the gold standard oral antiseptic [26] and has antimicrobial power against the bacteria Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and various other periodontogenic bacteria [26][27][28][29]. Nevertheless, the use of chlorhexidine may lead to undesirably secondary side-effects, such as ulcerative and desquamative oral lesions [30].…”