Essential Fatty Acid Depletion of Renal Allografts and Prevention of Rejection

Schreiner, George F.; Flye, Wayne; Brunt, Elizabeth M.; Korber, K; Lefkowith, James B.

doi:10.1126/science.3285468

Cited by 54 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…EFAD also prolongs survival of transplanted incompatible kidneys and reduces autoimmune nephritis manifestations and myocardial infarction size (8,35,36). Although not studied specifically in those in vivo models, endothelial cells of an EFAD organism conceivably may show EFAD characteristics and may interact differently with emigrating leukocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells in culture.

Lerner

Lindstrom²,

Berg³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells in culture.

Lerner

Lindstrom²,

Berg³

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…56 Omega-3 fatty acids are postulated to exert their immunomodulatory effect by multiple mechanisms: inhibiting the effect of interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor, altering histocompatability antigen (HLA-DR) expression, reducing vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and vascular permeability. 57 Reports have suggested that the administration of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of fish oil have improved renal haemodynamics and serum lipids in recipients of renal transplants. Furthermore, patients taking supplemental fish oil had better control of post-transplant hypertension, with fewer acute and chronic rejection episodes.58-68 However, most of these studies have been small and limited to a single centre.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Supplementation With Fish Oil On Serum Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-transplant hyperlipidaemia

Jindal

1997

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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SummaryThe correction of post-transplant hyperlipidaemia warrants the judicious and timely use of pharmacological agents with dietary modification and exercise. Reduction in hyperlipidaemia may have some role in decreasing the incidence of chronic rejection of allografts. The awareness that the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic disease may be lowered by active intervention will result in a better quality of life for transplant recipients. In recipients of organ transplants, atherosclerotic vascular disease constitutes a major hurdle to long-term survival. In the general population, clinical trials, experimental, and epidemiological studies have effectively demonstrated the benefits of reducing lipids in arresting, or diminishing pre-existing coronary atherosclerotic lesions.' Measures to reduce plasma cholesterol are fundamental to the practice of preventative cardiology, and by corollary, should be the cornerstone of measures to reduce the continuing high morbidity and mortality in recipients of organ transplants.'A number of large-scale studies in both the normal population and 'at-risk' subjects have demonstrated the benefits of lowering cholesterol. Most recently, the West of Scotland trial has shown the beneficial effect of reducing hypercholesterolaemia in healthy men at high risk for coronary heart disease.8 This was the latest in a series of clinical trials which essentially confirmed the result of previous studies, most notably, the Los Angeles Veterans Diet trial, the WHO Clofibrate trial, the Lipid Research Clinics Cholestyramine trial, and the Helsinki Heart trial.9 The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival study provided further evidence of the beneficial effects of reducing cholesterol -a 42% reduction in the risk of coronary death in simvastatin-treated subjects.'0Immunosuppressive regimens comprising steroids, cyclosporin and FK506 (Prograf, tacrolimus) have significant diabetogenic properties." In addition, the great majority of transplant recipients have hypertension. These additional factors may alter the course of atherosclerosis, which is likely to be more aggressive than that of the general population.The incidence of post-transplant hyperlipidaemia (PTHL) has varied from 22% to 54%, although some of this variation may be due to the lack of standardisation in reporting of the lipid levels. Vathsala et al'2 compared the effects of three different immunosuppressive protocols on hypercholesterolaemia in kidney transplant recipients; patients receiving Imuran-prednisolone had a 42.2% incidence versus 26.3% in the cyclosporin-prednisolone group; in heart transplant recipients, total cholesterol was greater in patients receiving cyclosporin -prednisolone therapy versus patients receiving cyclosporinImuran therapy. '3 In our study of liver transplant recipients, PTHL was seen in 58%. More significantly, 37% of recipients had both post-transplant diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. 14 It can be assumed that at least 50% of transplant recipients will have significant abnormalities of serum l...

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“…Their activities and properties are regulated by various cytokines and by fatty acid-derived messenger molecules (Schreiner et al 1988;Luft et al 2002;Morelli & Thomson, 2003). Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are mostly short-lived molecules acting in an autocrine or paracrine mode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary lipids on dendritic cells in perinodal adipose tissue during chronic mild inflammation

2004

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The effects of dietary lipids on the abundance of dendritic cells in adipose tissue in anatomically defined relationships to chronically inflamed lymph nodes were investigated in mature male rats fed plain chow or chow plus 20 % sunflower-seed or fish oil. The popliteal lymph nodes were stimulated by local subcutaneous injection of 20 mg lipopolysaccharide to both hindlegs three times/week for 2 weeks. The masses of the major adipose depots and the numbers of dendritic cells emerging from perinodal adipose tissue and samples 5 and 10 mm from the popliteal lymph nodes were measured, and those from omental and mesenteric adipose tissue around and remote from lymphoid tissue, and mesenteric and popliteal lymph nodes. Dendritic cells were most numerous in the perinodal adipose tissue, with the corresponding 'remote' samples containing 25 -50 % fewer such cells under all conditions studied. Dietary sunflower-seed oil increased the numbers of dendritic cells by about 17 % in all adipose samples and fish oil reduced the numbers in perinodal tissue by about 5 %. The fish-oil diet diminished responses of the intra-abdominal adipose depots to local stimulation of the popliteal node. Correlations in dendritic cell numbers were stronger between perinodal samples from different depots than between remote and perinodal samples from the same depot and after the sunflower-seed-oil diet compared with fish oil. These data show that dietary lipids modulate the number of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue-containing adipose depots and support the hypothesis that perinodal adipose tissue interacts locally with lymphoid cells.

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Essential Fatty Acid Depletion of Renal Allografts and Prevention of Rejection

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Development and characterization of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells in culture.

Development and characterization of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells in culture.

Post-transplant hyperlipidaemia

The effects of dietary lipids on dendritic cells in perinodal adipose tissue during chronic mild inflammation

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