ESR studies in γ‐irradiated and PS‐radiation‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Abstract

The fluoropolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) was irradiated with ␥ rays to induce a polystyrene (PS) radiation grafting via an indirect method. Electron spin resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to identify the species that initiated the PS grafting. Specific experiments were performed to prove separately the importance of each kind of radical. A localization of the radicals in this irradiated polymer is proposed, and a kinetic model of the grafting is given.

Synthesis of specific nanoparticles for targeting tumor angiogenesis using electron-beam irradiation

“…Nanoparticles radical content was found less stable with time than that previously observed for PVDF films (Clochard et al, 2004). The high stability in films is assumed to come from radical trapping inside the polycrystalline part of PVDF (Aymes-Chodur et al, 1999;Aymes-Chodur et al, 2001;Clochard et al, 2004). A DSC study (Fig.…”

In situ electron spin resonance study of styrene grafting of electron irradiated fluoropolymer films for fuel cell membranes

“…Among many available grafting methods, radiation‐induced grafting of commercially available polymer films followed by sulfonation is one of the promising synthesis strategies 2–4. The preparation of membranes based on FEP (poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (poly(ethylene‐ alt ‐tetrafluoroethylene)), PVDF (poly(vinylidenefluoride)), and PFA (polytetrafluoroethylene‐ co ‐perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)) has been reported at many occasions using simultaneous and preirradiation techniques 5–10. Because of their inertness, it is difficult to modify or functionalize most fluoropolymers.…”

“…Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a suitable spectroscopic technique to identify the nature of radiation‐generated radicals in organic polymers and to monitor their concentration in situ during the grafting process. Some in situ ESR measurements have been carried out during the radiation grafting of fluoropolymers with styrene 7, 8, 12. These investigations have focused on identifying the grafting sites and their associated radical species, observing and quantifying the propagating radical species, and quantifying the rates of radical decay during grafting.…”

Space Environment Effect on Fluorinated Polymers

“…This would finally result in the generation of ions, radicalions, and free radicals. The same dominant chemical species were found in the radiation-induced degradation of PTFE and partially fluorinated polymers [8]. Crosslinking reactions are occurring in a target that is in a solid state.…”