The results suggest that fruits may become susceptible to D. suzukii as they start to turn color, and that specific varieties of grapes and overripe blueberries have low susceptibility to D. suzukii.

No abstract

Synthetic combinatorial libraries were evaluated with an iterative process to identify a hexapeptide with broadspectrum activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi. A D-amino acid hexapeptide (FRLKFH) and pentapeptide (FRLHF) exhibited activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani (anastomosis group 1), Ceratocystis fagacearum, and Pythium ultimum. The peptides showed no hemolytic or mutagenic activity. Fluorescent microscopy studies with a membrane impermeant dye indicated that fungal cytoplasmic membranes were compromised rapidly and that the nuclear membrane was also affected.

Inhibition of either mitochondrial transcription or translation in Neurospora crassa results in the rapid production of the cyanide‐insensitive pathway of mitochondrial respiration. Protein synthesis an cytoplasmic ribosomes is required for the appearance of cyanide‐insensitive respiration in the culture. Removal of the inhibition of transcription or translation results in a rapid return to cyanide‐sensitive respiration. Additional protein synthesis in the cytoplasm is required for the loss of cyanide‐insensitive respiratory activity while additional mitochondrial protein synthesis has no effect. These studies indicate that a mitochondrial gene product is involved in a negative manner in the regulation of cyanide‐insensitive respiration. When the mitochondrial product is present, the pathway is not expressed, when the mitochondrial product is absent, the pathway is expressed. Studies with forced heterokaryons formed from respiratory‐deficient mutants having cyanideinsensitive respiration and respiratory‐competent auxotrophs indicate that the site of action of the mitochondrial gene product is external to the mitochondrion.

No abstract

Summary• A maize ( Zea mays ) senescence-associated legumain gene, See2 β , was characterized at the physiological and molecular levels to determine its role in senescence and resource allocation.• A reverse-genetics screen of a maize Mutator ( Mu ) population identified a Mu insertion in See2 β . Maize plants homozygous for the insertion were produced. These See2 mutant and sibling wild-type plants were grown under high or low quantities of nitrogen (N).• The early development of both genotypes was similar; however, tassel tip and collar emergence occurred earlier in the mutant. Senescence of the mutant leaves followed a similar pattern to that of wild-type leaves, but at later sampling points mutant plants contained more chlorophyll than wild-type plants and showed a small extension in photosynthetic activity. Total plant weight was higher in the wild-type than in the mutant, and there was a genotype × N interaction. Mutant plants under low N maintained cob weight, in contrast to wild-type plants under the same treatment.• It is concluded, on the basis of transposon mutagenesis, that See2 β has an important role in N-use and resource allocation under N-limited conditions, and a minor but significant function in the later stages of senescence.

No abstract

The protein fraction from mitochondria, this fraction are consistent with its existence as a single which has been designated structural protein and protein species. The ability of structural protein to form which has been considered to function in ordering and complexes by reaction with heme protein is lost upon stabilizing mitochondrial structure, has been investíaging of the sample with a parallel decrease in sulfgated.hydryl titer and increase in weight-average molecular A single /V-acetylated amino acid has been foundweight. This ability can be regained by disulfide bond in the preparation. Analysis of tryptic hydrolysates of reduction.