Espraiamento urbano e exclusão social. Uma análise da acessibilidade dos moradores da cidade do Rio de Janeiro ao mercado de trabalho

Carneiro, Mariana; Toledo, Juliana; Aurélio, Marcelino; Orrico, Romulo

doi:10.4067/s0250-71612019000300051

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Deebosere and El-Geneidy [9] analyzed the jobs available to low-income people and their accessibility in three Canadian cities, and concluded that the average level of accessibility seemed to be related to the city's size and the number of jobs, i.e., the larger the city and the greater the number of jobs offered, the higher accessibility would be. Carneiro et al [46] found that in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the administrative regions farther from the downtown area had lower accessibility to jobs, due to the high concentration of jobs in the central region. In Rio de Janeiro, a large portion of the low-income population lives in outlying areas where housing costs are lower.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment for the Social Sustainability and Equity under the Perspective of Accessibility to Jobs

et al. 2020

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Social sustainability is a dimension of the concept of sustainability that has gained importance only in the last few decades and can be identified as the pursuit and measure of social equity. Equity can be analyzed under two approaches: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal approach considers the distribution of benefits equally, while the vertical equity considers these same benefits, but between specific groups, which is an adequate approach when dealing with policy-related topics, such as tariff subsidy. Accessibility is a factor that contributes to urban social sustainability and it may be a representation of physical and/or social barriers in the urban environment. Thus, this paper aims to assess social sustainability under a vertical equity approach, based on accessibility to jobs, for different population groups, comparing public with individual motorized transport. The case study was carried out in Medellín-Colombia, using data from the 2017 Home Destination Survey. It was found that users of individual transport have access to a greater number of jobs than users of public transport. In addition, those with higher income have better accessibility than those with lower income, even though they are not beneficiaries of tariff subsidy policies. Another highlight is that areas closer to the central region are also more accessible. In some specific communes, it would be indicated to seek to improve access through public transport, or the implementation of some public policy at the municipal level that could have an impact on access to opportunities.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important because this type of travel is essential for most people. Many transportation scholars measure accessibility to jobs, considering attractiveness as the total number of jobs in a destination zone [10,46,[53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Accessibility Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment for the Social Sustainability and Equity under the Perspective of Accessibility to Jobs

et al. 2020

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“…Medium-and high-capacity transit corridors could attenuate this issue, but neither they are widely used by the population nor they change the fact that the city's poorest inhabitants have the lowest accessibility levels due to the sheer amount of distance they have to cover to reach employment centers (Carneiro et al, 2019). Recent transport investments related to the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games were publicized as beneficial to low-income groups, but they have actually increased the accessibility gap between the richest and the poorest (Pereira et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Transit Data Come From the Fetranspor And Supervia Gtfs Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on transport accessibility in the city, however, have overlooked the role of monetary costs in their accessibility estimates (e.g. Bittencourt et al, 2020;Carneiro et al, 2019;Pereira, 2019). This is particularly troubling in Rio, where the fare structure has such a big impact on the travel behaviour of its citizens and where, as in many other low-income contexts, transit affordability is one of the main topics in the political agenda (ITDP Brasil, 2020).…”

Section: Transit Data Come From the Fetranspor And Supervia Gtfs Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper examines how and to what extent simultaneously incorporating travel time and monetary costs into accessibility estimates may impact transport equity assessments, looking at employment accessibility by transit in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rio has recently received growing attention by researchers investigating accessibility and equity issues (Barboza et al, 2021;Carneiro et al, 2019;Pereira, 2018;Pereira et al, 2019a). Nonetheless, previous examinations have only taken into account travel time impedance, ignoring monetary costs and its constraint effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of transit monetary costs on transport inequality

Herszenhut¹,

Pereira²,

Portugal³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Transport equity analyses are often informed by accessibility estimates based solely on travel time impedance, ignoring other elements that might hinder access to activities, such as the monetary cost of a trip. This paper examines how and to what extent simultaneously incorporating both time and monetary costs into accessibility measures may impact transport equity assessment. We calculate job accessibility by transit in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using cumulative opportunity measures under distinct combinations of temporal and monetary thresholds, and compare how inequality levels vary across different scenarios. We find that the most common research practice of disregarding monetary costs tends to overestimate accessibility levels. However, stricter monetary constraints do not necessarily result in less equitable scenarios. How accessibility inequality is affected by monetary costs is highly dependent on what combinations of temporal and monetary cut-offs are considered in the analysis. In the case of Rio, opting for lower monetary thresholds when looking at shorter trips leads to inequality levels lower than those found in the no monetary threshold scenario, but results in higher inequality levels when allowing for longer trips. We find that the impact of monetary costs on transport equity analyses depend on a complex interaction between fare policies, the spatial organisation and operational characteristics of transit systems, and the spatial co-distribution of jobs and residential locations. The paper thus highlights that conclusions and policy recommendations derived from transport equity analyses can be affected in non-intuitive ways by the interplay between temporal and monetary constraints. Future research should investigate how different combinations of travel time and monetary costs thresholds affect equity analyses in different contexts.

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