Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins

Dubreuil, J. Daniel

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800188-2.00031-8

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…Previous research has reported that ETEC induced post-weaning diarrhea is highly correlated with disrupted intestinal structure and functions as a digestive and absorptive organ and a physical barrier [41,42]. The toxins secreted by ETEC could induce loss of intestinal villous cells and the consequent villus atrophy, which further decrease the digestive and absorptive capacity of pigs and cause reduced performance [43,44]. In addition, post-weaning diarrhea is also associated with increased gut permeability due to the disturbed tight junction protein expression in the small intestine [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

Jinno

Kim

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’ growth. However, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp. on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome, and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp. strains (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal health, microbiome, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Results Pigs in PRO1 (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540) had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7 and 14 PI, greater (P < 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI, compared with pigs in CON (Control). Pigs in PRO1 had milder (P < 0.05) diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON. However, no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2 (Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) and CON groups. Supplementation of PRO1 decreased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI, compared with CON. Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced (P < 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO2 had greater (P < 0.05) goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater (P < 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON. Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated (P < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced (P < 0.05) PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI, compared with CON. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum. Conclusions Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, enhanced gut health, and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18. Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation, it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

Jinno

Kim

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Overall, all enterotoxins are associated with intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes in their normal hosts and/or in animal models. No significant pathological lesions or morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa result from the toxic activity of these enterotoxins (295). Many virulotypes of ETEC or classes of enterotoxin-producing E. coli that can be distinguished by their sets of virulence factors responsible for diarrheal diseases have been reported.…”

Section: Enterotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their small size and 3D-structure are responsible for resistance to boiling. Based on their sequences and their biochemical characteristics we have recognized in this group STa (also known as STI), STb (or STII) and EAST1, all associated with ETEC (295). …”

Section: Heat-stable Enterotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2016

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of E. coli diarrhea in farm animals. ETEC are characterized by the ability to produce two types of virulence factors; adhesins that promote binding to specific enterocyte receptors for intestinal colonization and enterotoxins responsible for fluid secretion. The best-characterized adhesins are expressed in the context of fimbriae, such as the F4 (also designated K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F17 and F18 fimbriae. Once established in the animal small intestine, ETEC produces enterotoxin(s) that lead to diarrhea. The enterotoxins belong to two major classes; heat-labile toxin that consist of one active and five binding subunits (LT), and heat-stable toxins that are small polypeptides (STa, STb, and EAST1). This chapter describes the disease and pathogenesis of animal ETEC, the corresponding virulence genes and protein products of these bacteria, their regulation and targets in animal hosts, as well as mechanisms of action. Furthermore, vaccines, inhibitors, probiotics and the identification of potential new targets identified by genomics are presented in the context of animal ETEC.

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“…Bacterial protein toxins exhibit a very wide diversity in molecules regarding their size, amino acid sequence, structure, and mode of action. They are single-chain proteins or multiproteins resulting from the non-covalent assembly of several proteins (binary, ternary, or more complex structures) with sizes ranging from small peptides (18–19 amino acids, Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins (STs)) to large proteins (2710 amino acids for C. difficile toxin A (TcdA), 3500–5300 amino acids for multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in toxins (MARTX)) [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] ( Figure 3 ). Single-chain protein and binary toxins are mostly produced by Gram-positive bacteria, while the other more complex multiprotein toxins are largely synthesized by Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Diversity In Bacterial Protein Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution

Popoff

2024

Toxins

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Bacterial protein toxins are secreted by certain bacteria and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in humans and animals. They are among the most potent molecules known, which are active at very low concentrations. Bacterial protein toxins exhibit a wide diversity based on size, structure, and mode of action. Upon recognition of a cell surface receptor (protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid), they are active either at the cell surface (signal transduction, membrane damage by pore formation, or hydrolysis of membrane compound(s)) or intracellularly. Various bacterial protein toxins have the ability to enter cells, most often using an endocytosis mechanism, and to deliver the effector domain into the cytosol, where it interacts with an intracellular target(s). According to the nature of the intracellular target(s) and type of modification, various cellular effects are induced (cell death, homeostasis modification, cytoskeleton alteration, blockade of exocytosis, etc.). The various modes of action of bacterial protein toxins are illustrated with representative examples. Insights in toxin evolution are discussed.

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Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins

Cited by 3 publications

References 246 publications

Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution

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