Escape tactics by a neotropical montane lizard: a comparison of flight responses against natural and nonnatural predators

Ventura, Stefânia P. R.; Passos, Daniel Cunha; Machado, Leonardo L.; Horta, G; Galdino, Conrado A. B.

doi:10.1007/s10211-016-0242-3

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The fixed-effects linear model indicated that high temperatures caused high PAD values, regardless of camouflage efficiency. This finding was particularly evident for the heliothermic C. lemniscatus, and may be associated with high predator exposure and low availability of refuges in open habitats (Heatwole 1968;Martín and López 1999;Ventura et al 2016). Defensive behavior in heliotherms is highly associated with temperature, which may cause a variety of stereotyped reactions optimized by accelerated metabolisms (Arnold 1988;Greene 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to our mixed-effects linear model, camouflage efficiency may be an alternative defensive mechanism, especially in the absence of nearby shelters. Therefore, costbenefit relationships between death risk and the energy cost of escape should favor high-speed fleeing (Ventura et al 2016), as in heliothermic rock-dwelling specialist lizards (Rocha and Bergallo 1990), or alternative defensive decisions (e.g. sheltering in matching backgrounds) mediated by the availability of shelters (Salido and Vicente 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…foraging mode, sexual maturity and reproductive cycle stage), and simulations of different predation strategies (e.g. Ventura et al 2016).…”

Section: Random Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rates are widely influenced by the distance to which prey allows the predator to approach, which in turn can be determined by cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy cost to flee (Ydenberg and Dill 1986). Regarding lizards occupying warm habitats, temperatureinduced metabolic and physiological processes are expected to favor rapid fleeing reactions into shelters (Ventura et al 2016). In the absence of shelters available, lizards can thermoregulate to increase their chance of fleeing, despite the energy cost and temporary (while basking) increase of exposure to predators (Basson et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

et al. 2020

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In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming thermoregulation mode as a random factor, camouflage negatively affected PAD estimates, independently of temperature. Our findings suggest that high exposure to predators in open habitats may be compensated by rapid fleeing optimized by high temperatures, and low fleeing performance, usually caused by relatively low temperatures in shaded habitats, may be compensated by camouflage. However, identifying the best PAD predictor greatly depended on accounting for thermoregulation mode in hypothesis testing, although the results obtained by both fixed and mixed-effects models may be relevant for conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…foraging mode, sexual maturity and reproductive cycle stage), and simulations of different predation strategies (e.g. Ventura et al 2016).…”

Section: Random Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

et al. 2020

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“…In the PLT and the CLT, the stimulus was introduced in a corner of the terrarium away from the mother and offspring, and tethered at their waist constraining their radius of movement to approximately half of the terrarium. The raptor stimulus was passed over the terrarium by an unseen operator once per minute to simulate flight, following the methodology used to threaten lizards in other behavioural studies (Halloy, Boretto & Ibarg€ uengoyt ıa, 2007;Ventura et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal behaviour in response to predation threats in a vulnerable lizard from Patagonia, Argentina

et al. 2017

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Climatic and ecological conditions can determine the existence and degree of parental care. In species that live in cold‐temperate environments and exhibit high reproductive effort it is expected that parental care would have greater selective value. In this study, we aimed to detect maternal behavioural responses to predation threats in the lizard Phymaturus spectabilis from cold‐climate environments of Patagonia, Argentina. Seventeen females with their offspring each were exposed to four treatments in the laboratory: first a treatment with no stimulus, and then in a random order a carnivorous sympatric lizard, a conspecific male and a simulated flight of a museum mount of a raptor. We analysed the occurrence of 11 specific behaviours. Two clearly different parental responses occurred. In the presence of the raptor, mothers stayed near the offspring and remained motionless longer than in the other treatments. Their freezing response is consistent with their cryptic coloration and this species may rely on this strategy to avoid raptor predation. In contrast, in the presence of the predator lizard, mothers presented higher frequencies of flights, tail waves and head bobs. Head bobs are commonly interpreted as dissuasive signals to the predator to discourage attack. The behaviours observed in P. spectabilis together with similar behaviours observed in congeneric species would suggest the existence of a common pattern of parental care related to the high reproductive investment in Phymaturus.

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Fatal attraction: territorial males of a neotropical lizard increase predation risk when females are sexually receptive

Ventura

Galdino

Peixoto

2021

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Escape tactics by a neotropical montane lizard: a comparison of flight responses against natural and nonnatural predators

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

Maternal behaviour in response to predation threats in a vulnerable lizard from Patagonia, Argentina

Fatal attraction: territorial males of a neotropical lizard increase predation risk when females are sexually receptive

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