Escalator: An Autonomous Scheduling Scheme for Convergecast in TSCH

Oh, Sukho; Hwang, DongYeop; Kim, Ki-Hyung; Kim, Kangseok

doi:10.3390/s18041209

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are several types of TSCH schedulers; centralized such as TASA (Traffic Aware Scheduling Algorithm) [11,12] and AMUS (Adaptive Multihop Scheduling) [13], and others that are distributed such as DeTAS (Decentralized Traffic Aware Scheduling) [23], Wave [24], and Orchestra [25], as well as some variants of these such as Escalator [26] and ALICE (Autonomous Link-based Cell scheduling) [27]. The tests shown in [13] indicate that AMUS performs better than TASA regarding reliability and latency.…”

Section: Tschmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Orozco-Santos

Sempere-Payá

Albero-Albero

et al. 2021

Sensors

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IWSNs (Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks) have become the next step in the evolution of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) due to the nature and demands of modern industry. With this type of network, flexible and scalable architectures can be created that simultaneously support traffic sources with different characteristics. Due to the great diversity of application scenarios, there is a need to implement additional capabilities that can guarantee an adequate level of reliability and that can adapt to the dynamic behavior of the applications in use. The use of SDNs (Software Defined Networks) extends the possibilities of control over the network and enables its deployment at an industrial level. The signaling traffic exchanged between nodes and controller is heavy and must occupy the same channel as the data traffic. This difficulty can be overcome with the segmentation of the traffic into flows, and correct scheduling at the MAC (Medium Access Control) level, known as slices. This article proposes the integration in the SDN controller of a traffic manager, a routing process in charge of assigning different routes according to the different flows, as well as the introduction of the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Scheduler. In addition, the TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping) is incorporated in the SDN-WISE framework (Software Defined Networking solution for Wireless Sensor Networks), and this protocol has been modified to send the TSCH schedule. These elements are jointly responsible for scheduling and segmenting the traffic that will be sent to the nodes through a single packet from the controller and its performance has been evaluated through simulation and a testbed. The results obtained show how flexibility, adaptability, and determinism increase thanks to the joint use of the routing process and the TSCH Scheduler, which makes it possible to create a slicing by flows, which have different quality of service requirements. This in turn helps guarantee their QoS characteristics, increase the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) for the flow with the highest priority, maintain the DMR (Deadline Miss Ratio), and increase the network lifetime.

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Section: Tschmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Orozco-Santos

Sempere-Payá

Albero-Albero

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The main interest of this paper is in general autonomous scheduling approaches [8], [9], suitable for data collection, interactive queries and other Internet of Things and sensor network applications. However, some of the surveyed works have been designed to optimize the performance for a single purpose, such as low latency [16], or for a specific target application [17]. Furthermore, autonomous scheduling can be a building block for more complex scheduling protocols [7], including for network construction and maintenance [21].…”

Section: ) Target Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Escalator [16] is a node based scheduling approach which hashes node address to calculate its cell. The authors of Escalator point out that Orchestra does not allocate enough cells for the nodes close to the root even though each node suffers from different traffic load based on the location of the node in a routing tree.…”

Section: ) Single-purpose Optimized Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Empirical Survey of Autonomous Scheduling Methods for TSCH

Elsts

Kim

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a link layer protocol defined in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Although it is designed to provide highly reliable and efficient service targeting industrial automation systems, scheduling TSCH transmissions in the time and frequency dimensions is left to the implementers. We evaluate the performance of existing autonomous scheduling approaches for TSCH on various traffic patterns and network configurations. We thoroughly investigate the pros and cons of each scheme; moreover, we propose the use of node based channel allocation to improve the performance of the best scheme, and demonstrate its practicality and reliability, with up to 6 percentage points better packet delivery ratio than the second best option while retaining a similar radio duty cycle. Finally, based on our extensive performance evaluation, we provide some guidelines on how to select a scheduler for a given network. INDEX TERMS IEEE 802.15.4, TSCH, autonomous scheduling, MAC, low-power wireless protocols.

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“…Therefore, STPA is introduced into the safety analysis of escalators in this paper, which can help to understand the connotation of escalator-related accidents systematically and comprehensively. On the other hand, based on the analysis results analyzed by the above safety analysis methods, many useful strategies and methods are used to improve system safety [32][33][34][35][36]. Similarly, the proposed method for safety analysis of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS) in this paper also hopes to find some useful measures to improve the safety of EEBS.…”

Section: Year Passenger Flow Per Year (Billion) Total Injuries Escalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Due to the complex mechanical structure and control process of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS), traditional hazard analysis based on the event chain model have limitations in exploring component interaction failure in such a complex social-technical system. Therefore, a hazard analysis framework is proposed in this paper for hazard analysis of complex electromechanical systems based on system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP). Firstly, basic principles of STAMP are introduced and comparison with other hazard analysis methods is conducted, then the safety analysis framework is proposed. Secondly, a study case is performed to identify unsafe control actions of EEBS from control structures, and a specific control diagram is organized to recognize potential example casual scenarios. Next, comparison between fault tree analysis and STAMP for escalator's overturned accident shows that hazards related to component damaged can be identified by both, while hazards that focus on components interaction can only be identified by STAMP. Besides, single control way and tandem operation process are found to be the obvious causal factors of accidents. Finally, some improvement measures like decibel detection or vibration monitoring of key components are suggested to help the current broken chain detection to trigger the anti-reversal device for a better safe EEBS.

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Escalator: An Autonomous Scheduling Scheme for Convergecast in TSCH

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

An Empirical Survey of Autonomous Scheduling Methods for TSCH

Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP

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