ESBL-producingEnterobacteriaceaein Africa – a non-systematic literature review of research published 2008–2012

Abstract

Introduction Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) has been found all over the world, and risk factors for acquiring these bacteria involve hospital care and antibiotic treatment. Surveillance studies are present in Europe, North America, and Asia, but there is no summarizing research published on the situation in Africa.AimThis review aims to describe the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community settings in Africa and the ESBL genes involved.MethodA non-systematic literature search was performed in PubMed. All articles published between 2008 and 2012 were screened and read in full text. Relevant articles were assessed for quality of evidence and included in the review. Articles were divided into regional areas in Africa and tabulated.ResultsESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients and in communities varies largely between countries and specimens but is common in Africa. ESBLs (class A and D) and plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) were regularly found, but carbapenemases were also present.ConclusionESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community settings in Africa is common. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented in Africa to tailor interventions targeted at stopping the dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli harbouring extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases genes at a tertiary hospital, Kenya

“…[ (16,25). Apart from humans the environment as well as animals that are a food source serve as reservoirs for ESBLs and studies done on different continents have documented evidence, which in part explains the global presence and spread of ESBLs (1,2,12).…”

ESBL‐production in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Nigeria

“…Surveillance is extensive in Europe, North America, and Asia. Yet, there is no summarizing research or surveillance in Africa (Storberg, ). In studies from Africa, ESBL‐E has logically been found to vary between countries, but found to be common (Storberg, ).…”

“…Yet, there is no summarizing research or surveillance in Africa (Storberg, ). In studies from Africa, ESBL‐E has logically been found to vary between countries, but found to be common (Storberg, ). A recent publication by Elikwu et al, () on etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary tract infections in Nigeria described that of all bacteria isolated from urine samples only 4% were caused by ESBL.…”

“…A recent publication by Elikwu et al, () on etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary tract infections in Nigeria described that of all bacteria isolated from urine samples only 4% were caused by ESBL. Denmark has similar prevalence rate and considered a low‐prevalence country (Pedersen, ; Storberg, ). Furthermore, almost 30% of Escherichia coli in the study were found to be resistant to cefpodoxime, a drug often used to screen for the presence of ESBL (Elikwu et al, ).…”

Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals: the African perspective

“…Despite limited resources, the incidence of AMR Enterobacteriaceae in Africa, and more specifically, ESBL producers has also been studied at the local level in different countries. There are also some reviews about the general situation in the whole continent, but most of them are concentrated in human clinical and community settings (Storberg ; Sangare et al . ; Sekyere et al .…”