Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and gallstone disease: results of an epidemiological survey

Arca, Marcello; Ciocca, S.; Mestice, Anna; Capocaccia, Riccardo; Angelico, F.; Angélico, M.; Attili, A.F.; Calvieri, Alice; Capocaccia, L.; Conti, Roberto

doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.1.110

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In a previous study, we did not find any association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition and GS. 66 We do not believe that dietary fat plays a major role in GS formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diet and gallstones in italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results

Attili¹,

Scafato²,

Marchioli³

et al. 1998

Hepatology

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Fifteen thousand nine hundred ten men and 13,674 women (age, 30-69 years) were enrolled in an epidemiological survey of the general population, between December 1984 and April 1987. Each participant was submitted to ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder and completed a food-frequency questionnaire, covering 38 food items. A common portion size was identified and subjects were asked how often each item was consumed. Nutrient intake was computed by multiplying the intake frequency and nutrient content per portion for each item, and then by summing the product over all foods. Each nutrient intake was adjusted for energy intake. Alcohol intake was calculated by summing the consumption of wine, beer, and liquor. Having excluded subjects aware of having gallstones (GS) or previously submitted to cholecystectomy (to avoid prothopatic bias), 787 males and 1,014 females with GS and 14,272 males and 10,836 females without GS were available for analysis. Relative risks (RR) of GS were computed by quintiles of nutrient intake. The overnight fasting period was calculated as the difference between the specified time of dinner and the time of the next meal (breakfast or lunch). A significant negative association was found between RR of GS and total energy intake for males ( 2 for trend ‫؍‬ 8.37; P ‫؍‬ .004), fiber intake for females ( 2 ‫؍‬ 5.45; P ‫؍‬ .02), and daily alcohol consumption for males ( 2 ‫؍‬ 10.86; P ‫؍‬ .001). A positive association was observed between RR of GS and carbohydrate ( 2 ‫؍‬ 5.95; P ‫؍‬ .01 for males; 2 ‫؍‬ 9.39; P ‫؍‬ .002 for females) and protein intake only for males ( 2 ‫؍‬ 10.92; P ‫؍‬ .01). Prevalence of GS was higher among subjects who had an overnight fasting period of over 12 hours than subjects with that of less than 12 hours. (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.80 for males; RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03-1.60 for females). These data do not confirm that high energy intake is associated with an increased risk of GS. Factors protecting against GS comprise: low carbohydrate (males and females) and protein (males) intakes, high fiber (females) and moderate alcohol intake (males) consumption, and a shorter overnight fasting period for both sexes. (HEPATOLOGY 1998;27:1492-1498.)Diet may influence the formation of gallstones (GS) either by modifying gallbladder motility or by altering the biliary lipid composition. The relationships between GS disease and the dietary habits in an Italian free-living population sample are analyzed and discussed in this article. The importance of diet in the pathogenesis of GS has been much debated. Information on this issue can be obtained from experimental, 1-18 clinical, 19-26 and epidemiological studies. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] These latter studies have mainly investigated symptomatic GS subjects who were aware of having GS or subjects who had been previously submitted to cholecystectomy. Thus, it could be supposed that they accordingly modified their dietary habits. The present study only included subjects with asymptomatic, previously undiagnosed GS and compar...

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“…In a previous study, we did not find any association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition and GS. 66 We do not believe that dietary fat plays a major role in GS formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diet and gallstones in italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results

Attili¹,

Scafato²,

Marchioli³

et al. 1998

Hepatology

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“…The most abundant AS in feces is coprostanol (45–89%), followed by cholesterol (9–56%) and coprostanone (3–15%) . Other minor cholesterol metabolites were cholestanol (2–7%), cholestanone (0.3–5%), and cholestenone (0.9%) (see Table ).…”

Section: Contents Of Sterols and Their Metabolites In Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A known concentration of SS is added at the start of the analysis, together with the sample, in order to evaluate the analyte response during the measurement . Some authors use cholesterol‐7α‐H 3 and cholesterol‐d 6 as SS to determine extraction efficiency before starting the analysis, and prior to the derivatization step they also introduce the IS to correct analyte concentrations during analysis (see Table ).…”

Section: Determination Of Dietary Sterols and Metabolites In Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This saponification method has been applied in feces by other authors with different purposes, such as evaluation of the cellulose effect on dietary sterols excretion in humans; analysis of the influence of age upon neutral sterol patterns in healthy human subjects; development of a method for the identification of human and rat neutral fecal steroids; and improvement of the method for determining human fecal neutral sterols . A method based on that of Miettinen et al, allowing the evaluation of daily neutral and acid sterols excretion with small feces sample (1 g), has been proposed.…”

Section: Determination Of Dietary Sterols and Metabolites In Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selected ion monitoring (SIM) has frequently been used in this latter technique . Other authors preferred to combine different techniques such as TLC with GC‐FID or GC‐FID with GC‐MS …”

Section: Determination Of Dietary Sterols and Metabolites In Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Dietary Sterols and Gut Microbiota: A Review

Cuevas-Tena

Alegrı́a

Lagarda

2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Cholesterol intestinal absorption differs markedly from that of plant sterols; whereas the cholesterol absorption rate is high (30–60%) for total plant sterols it is low (2–3%). Non‐absorbed sterols reach the colon, where the microbiota interacts with them. Non‐absorbed cholesterol biotransformation has been widely studied by in vitro fermentation assays using gut microbiota from human feces and pure cultures of enteric microorganisms. A great variety of sterols and its metabolites have been detected, which allows establishing two pathways for cholesterol microbial degradation to coprostanol. However, biotransformation studies of plant sterols are scarce and its microbial transformation pathway remains to be fully clarified. Furthermore, the sterol contents in feces are highly variable among individuals, due to specific microbiota and especially dietary factors. However, no standardized methodology has been developed for sterols and their metabolites determination in feces. Studies on sterol excretion values, microbial transformation, and sterol determination methodology have been reviewed. Given that cholesterol metabolites can contribute to the development of colon cancer and that information about plant sterols biotransformation is scarce, this review contributes to improve the knowledge of the sterol implication in the gut microbiota and of PS impact in the colonic microbiota metabolization of cholesterol. Practical Applications: It has been suggested that the metabolites produced during the biotransformation of cholesterol have pro‐carcinogenic activity within colon. In addition, it has been indicated that the intake of high doses of plant sterols can attenuate or decrease this biotransformation. However, it is still unknown if the microbial metabolites of plant sterols have the same effect as those of animal origin. In order to shed light on the aforementioned aspects, all the information about the dietary sterols biotransformation and their impact on gut microbiota have been compiled. In addition, the sterols contents in feces and their methodologic analysis have also been reviewed. This review offers a broad view on the interaction between dietary sterols and gut microbiota, which can help to the better understand the relationship between microbiota and sterols for future research studies. This review presents the impact of dietary sterol on gut microbiota and microbial transformation of dietary sterols.

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A descriptive study of pregnant women with gallstones. Relation to dietary and social habits, education, physical activity, height, and weight

et al. 1992

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Five hundred and twelve women attending the antenatal clinic of the Rotunda Hospital of Dublin were studied by means of abdominal real time ultrasound (US) scanning to establish some of the characteristics of those subjects found to be gallstone-positive, compared to the gallstone-negative control population. Coffee, tea and sucrose consumption, dietary fats, attendance at fast-food restaurants, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol, and physical activity did not show any substantial differences between the two groups, while there was a significantly higher prevalence of cholelithiasis in women who had been dieting and in overweight subjects.

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Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and gallstone disease: results of an epidemiological survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Diet and gallstones in italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results

Diet and gallstones in italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results

Relationship Between Dietary Sterols and Gut Microbiota: A Review

A descriptive study of pregnant women with gallstones. Relation to dietary and social habits, education, physical activity, height, and weight

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