A descriptive study of pregnant women with gallstones. Relation to dietary and social habits, education, physical activity, height, and weight

Basso, L.; McCollum, P. T.; Darling, Michael; Tocchi, A; Tanner, W. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00145375

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Interestingly, however, one intervention study found that a diet high in fibre and low in refined carbohydrates did not reduce the risk of recurrence of gallstones after dissolution 87 . At the food level, positive associations have been found for sugar or sugar products 44,55,67,76 , dates 83 , and pastries and cakes 88 , although other researchers have not found positive associations for sugar-rich products 45,[71][72][73]76 .…”

Section: Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Analyses on specific types of fat have not provided convincing evidence of a role for saturated, polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids 55,59-61, 63,65-69 . In food-level analyses, some studies have found no association for fats or oils in diet 45,70 , including butter or margarine 71,72 , although others have 55,73 . Positive associations have also been found for fried food consumption 72 and preference for oily foods 70 .…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some have found positive associations for meat 55,73 , animal fat 88,94 and animal protein 59 , most have not 51,53,58,63,65,67,[70][71][72]76,83,88 . Other specific foods of interest have included fruits 53,55,57,[70][71][72][73]76,88 , beans and pulses 71,73,76,88 and caffeine 31,43,45,70,72,73,93 , but the few studies with information on these have had inconsistent findings and have not provided convincing evidence of their association with GBD.…”

Section: Other Foods or Food Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary intake and gallbladder disease: a review

Tseng

Everhart

Sandler

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Dietary intake has long been looked upon as a potentially modifiable risk factor for gallbladder disease (GBD), here defined as either having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence for an association between dietary intake and GBD, focusing on six dietary factors that have received the most attention in studies in this area: energy intake, fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fibre, calcium and alcohol. The objectives of this review are to evaluate the potential usefulness of altering the diet to prevent GBD and to consider future research in this area. Design: We reviewed all English-language epidemiological studies on diet and cholelithiasis that were cross-sectional, cohort or case-control in design and that were indexed in the Medline database from 1966 to October 1997. Results: A positive association was suggested with simple sugars and inverse associations with dietary fibre and alcohol. No convincing evidence was found for a role for energy intake or intake of fat or cholesterol. Variable means of ascertaining cases and inaccurate measurement of dietary intake may contribute to variation in results across studies. Conclusions: Some specific components of the diet that may affect GBD include simple sugars, fibre and alcohol, but whether risk for GBD can be reduced by altering intake of a specific dietary factor has not been established. Although no specific dietary recommendations can be made to reduce risk of GBD per se, a 'healthy' diet aimed at reducing risk of other diseases might be expected to reduce risk for GBD as well.

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Section: Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Foods or Food Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary intake and gallbladder disease: a review

Tseng

Everhart

Sandler

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Studies that did not quantify 21 the physical activity level were excluded from the dose-response analysis. We assessed a 22 potential nonlinear dose-response relationship between physical activity and gallbladder 23 disease using fractional polynomial models. 31 We determined the best fitting second order 24 fractional polynomial regression model, defined as the one with the lowest deviance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Aune¹,

Leitzmann²,

Vatten³

2016

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background:Physical activity has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of gallbladder disease (gallstones, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy); however, results from epidemiological studies have not always shown statistically significant associations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the presence and strength of an association between physical activity and gallbladder disease risk.Methods:PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of physical activity and gallbladder disease up to 9th of January 2015. Prospective studies reporting relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gallbladder disease associated with physical activity were included. Summary RRs were estimated using a random effects model.Results:Eight studies including 6958 cases and 218,204 participants were included. The summary RR for the highest versus the lowest level of physical activity was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69–0.81, n = 8) and there was no evidence of heterogeneity, I2 = 0%). In the dose-response analysis the summary relative risk per 20 MET-hours of activity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for leisure-time physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous physical activity, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for nonvigorous physical activity.Conclusion:Our analysis confirms a protective effect of physical activity on risk of gallbladder disease.

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“…Several observational studies in humans have shown an inverse relationship between the prevalence of gallstones and physical activity levels (6,16,17,20), although several others have not (2,14). To date, there have been no longitudinal studies in humans or animals to directly examine the impact of endurance exercise training on gallstone development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice

Wilund¹,

Feeney²,

Tomayko³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Wilund KR, Feeney LA, Tomayko EJ, Chung HR, Kim K. Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice. J Appl Physiol 104: 761-765, 2008. First published January 10, 2008 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01292.2007.-Gallstones form when the ratio of bile cholesterol to bile acids and phospholipids is elevated, causing cholesterol to precipitate. Physical inactivity is hypothesized to increase gallstone development, but experimental evidence supporting this is lacking, and potential mechanisms for the antilithogenic effects of exercise have not been described. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endurance exercise training on gallstone formation and the expression of genes involved in bile cholesterol metabolism in gallstone-sensitive (C57L/J) mice. At 10 wk, 50 male mice began a lithogenic diet and were randomly assigned to an exercise-training (EX) or sedentary (SED) group (n ϭ 25 per group). Mice in the EX group ran on a treadmill at ϳ15 m/min for 45 min/day for 12 wk. At the time animals were euthanized, gallstones were collected, pooled by group, and weighed. The weight of the gallstones was 2.5-fold greater in the SED mice compared with EX mice (143 vs. 57 mg, respectively). In the EX mice, hepatic expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1), and sterol 27 hydroxylase (Cyp27) was increased by ϳ2-fold (P Ͻ 0.05 for each). The LDLr and SRB1 increase cholesterol clearance by low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particles, respectively, while Cyp27 promotes the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. Taken together, these data indicate that exercise promotes changes in hepatic gene expression that increase cholesterol uptake by the liver but simultaneously increase the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, effectively reducing cholesterol saturation in the bile. This suggests a mechanism by which exercise improves cholesterol clearance from the circulation while simultaneously inhibiting gallstone formation.

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A descriptive study of pregnant women with gallstones. Relation to dietary and social habits, education, physical activity, height, and weight

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary intake and gallbladder disease: a review

Dietary intake and gallbladder disease: a review

Physical Activity and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice

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