Erythema Nodosum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Childhood: Further Observations in Two Patients and a Literature Review

Greco, Filippo; Catania, Roberta; Pira, Alice Le; Saporito, Marco Andrea Nicola; Scalora, Luisa; Aguglia, Maria; Smilari, Pierluigi; Sorge, Giovanni

doi:10.14740/jocmr2011w

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our review disclosed 11 erythema nodosum cases associated with M. pneumoniae infection [4,54,58,78,79,80,81,82,83]. No more than 1 case of erythema nodosum associated with M. pneumoniae respiratory infection was noted in 9 case series [4,79,84,85,86,87,88,89,90] including a total of 654 erythema nodosum cases not addressing this possible association.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the described strategy, 94 reports were retained for the final analysis [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97]: 1 in German [23], 1 in Italian […”

Section: Data Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Eruptions Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Respiratory Infections: Review of the Literature

et al. 2015

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Background: Maculopapular or urticarial eruptions and erythema multiforme sometimes occur in patients affected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections. Further eruptions have also been reported. Objective: To review the literature addressing M. pneumoniae respiratory infection and rather unusual eruptions. Methods: Computer-based search in the US National Library of Medicine database as well as in the search engine Google. Results: We found a possible relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and Fuchs' syndrome (n = 37), varicella-like eruptions (n = 8), Henoch-Schönlein syndrome and further leukocytoclastic vasculitides (n = 21) and erythema nodosum (n = 11). A temporal relationship was also observed with 2 cases of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. Finally, there exists reasonable evidence that pityriasis rosea Gibert and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Mucha-Habermann are not associated with Mycoplasma infections. Conclusion: This review implies that M. pneumoniae may cause, in addition to erythematous maculopapular (or urticarial) eruptions and erythema multiforme, Fuchs' syndrome and varicella-like eruptions. Furthermore, there is an intriguing link with leukocytoclastic vasculitides or erythema nodosum that deserves further investigation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Eruptions Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Respiratory Infections: Review of the Literature

et al. 2015

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“…An empiric antibiotic therapy was started without the ability to determine the infectious agent in one patient, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) was the identified agent in the other. There are many publications in literature reporting the association between M. pneumoniae and EN [ 21 , 22 ]. Unfortunately, the link between EN and mycoplasma infection has not been fully understood yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Microbial Spectrum in the Etiology of Erythema Nodosum: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

Özbağçıvan

Akarsu

Avci

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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Even though infections are the most common cause of erythema nodosum (EN), only certain microorganisms take the great interest such as streptococci in knowledge. Our aim was to examine the frequency and type of infections in EN, to determine the characteristics of patients with an infectious etiology, and to discuss the role of these microbes in EN pathology in the context of their interactions with humans. Charts of 81 patients with EN who were seen between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Identified etiological factors were classified into three groups: infectious, noninfectious, and idiopathic. While there were no significant demographic and clinical differences between the infectious and idiopathic groups, systemic symptoms (p = 0.034) and the number of EN lesions (p = 0.016) were significantly lower; the mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly higher (p = 0.049), but the mean aspartate aminotransferase value was significantly lower in the infectious group compared to the noninfectious group (p = 0.019). Besides streptococci, many other microbes, including the ones living on and inside us, were identified in the etiology of EN. There is a need for large-scale prospective studies involving control groups for a better understanding of the microbial immunopathology of EN.

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“…Furthermore, a retrospective study found that of 39 patients with EN, two were infected with M. pneu moniae and one had a concomitant acute streptococcal infection 6) . Greco et al described two children with EN caused by M. pneumoniae, one of whom had no respiratory symptoms 7) . Studies of EN associated with M. pneumoniae 37) found that the condition commonly appeared on the shins or arm and buttocks of females around 10 years of age and typically occurred 15 days after prodromal symptoms, such as fever.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Erythema Nodosum Associated withMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: Pathologic Findings and a Presumed Pathogenesis

Kim

Choi

2016

Pediatr Infect Vaccine

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Erythema nodosum (EN) is a painful skin disease characterized by erythematous tender nodules located predominantly over the extensor aspects of the legs. Various etiological factors, including infection, drug administration, and systemic illness have been implicated as causes of EN. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of rare infectious agents to cause EN in children. We report a case of a 7-year-old boy with context of respiratory illness and skin lesions with arthralgia. From stepwise approaches, IgM antibody against M. pneumoniae was positive with titers of 12.18, consistent with respiratory infection of M. pneumoniae and histopathology showed findings of septal and lobular inflammation without vasculitis consistent with EN. In addition, we reviewed the pathogenesis of this disease based on our case and the previous reports.

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Erythema Nodosum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Childhood: Further Observations in Two Patients and a Literature Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Unusual Eruptions Associated with <b><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i></b> Respiratory Infections: Review of the Literature

Unusual Eruptions Associated with <b><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i></b> Respiratory Infections: Review of the Literature

Examination of the Microbial Spectrum in the Etiology of Erythema Nodosum: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

A Case of Erythema Nodosum Associated withMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: Pathologic Findings and a Presumed Pathogenesis

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