Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated inflammatory disease and it can be provoked or exacerbated by a variety of different environmental factors, particularly infections and drugs. In addition, a possible association between vaccination and the new onset and/or exacerbation of psoriasis has been reported by a number of different authors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of influenza vaccination on patients with psoriasis. Here, we report the findings from 43 patients suffering from psoriasis (clinical phenotypes as mixed guttate/plaque lesions, palmoplantar or scalp psoriasis) whose diseases had been triggered after influenza vaccination applied in the 2009-2010 season. The short time intervals between vaccination and psoriasis flares in our patients and the lack of other possible triggers suggest that influenza vaccinations may have provocative effects on psoriasis. However, further large and controlled studies need to be carried out to confirm this relationship.

Angioedema is a rapid, localized and temporary subcutaneous edema, which targets the lips, eyelids, gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa resulting in abdominal pain, asthma and even serious life-threatening conditions like airway obstruction. There are several other disorders such as allergic contact dermatitis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), orofacial granulomatosis and so on, which manifest with subcutaneous swelling and masquerade as angioedema and are known as 'pseudoangioedema' in the literature. Knowledge of pseudoangioedema for healthcare professionals is crucial to avoid potentially serious results of misdiagnosis such as further investigations, unnecessary applications and delayed diagnosis. We aim to discuss differential diagnosis of angioedema and help physicians recognize the typical features of angioedema and its differential diagnosis in this chapter.

Ulceration, large grey-blue ovoid nests, multiple grey-blue globules, maple leaf-like areas and arborizing telangiectasia, which are specific dermoscopic features for the diagnosis of pigmented BCC, were found to correlate with their histopathologic counterparts. In conclusion, dermoscopy can be described as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinomas.

Angioma serpiginosum is a rare benign vascular disorder, characterized clinically by multiple minute, red to purple, grouped macules in serpiginous and gyrate patterns and histopathologically by ectatic dilatation of capillaries. Patients can undergo unnecessary hematological tests, because the condition can be confused with chronic purpuric dermatoses. An 18-year-old man with angioma serpiginosum of his left arm was evaluated by dermoscopy and treated with pulsed dye laser. Numerous small, relatively well-demarcated, round to oval red lagoons were determined with dermoscopy, and approximately 75% of the area of his lesion disappeared after four sessions of pulsed dye laser. Our case supports the hypothesis that dermoscopy is beneficial in the diagnosis of angioma serpiginosum and that pulsed dye laser is effective in the treatment of this disorder.

Although DFS and IMQ each had considerable efficacy in the treatment of AK, the efficacy of DFS seemed to decrease after cessation of treatment.

Although there was no difference between the clearance rate of the SA + PDL group and that of the PDL group after the fifth session, adding SA to PDL decreased the number of sessions to a large extent.

Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare and controversial disease. It is characterized clinically by tense bullae arising both on lichen planus papules and on uninvolved skin, histologically by the demonstration of subepidermal bullae and by linear deposits of immunoglobulin G and C3 along the basement membrane zone on immunofluorescence of peribullous skin. Some authors consider LPP as the combination of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. Others think that it most likely encompasses a heterogeneous group of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders occurring in association with lichen planus. We present a child case that supports the heterogeneous condition of this disease triggered by varicella.

IntroductionAutoimmune bullous diseases (ABDs) are a group of rarely seen organ-specific diseases caused by pathogenic autoantibodies against target antigens that function in the intercellular or the mesenchymal/dermal junction of the epidermis. Clinically, ABDs display quite a wide spectrum of vesicle or bulla formations on the skin and/or the mucous membranes. ABDs are classified mainly as intraepidermal bullous disease (pemphigus) and subepidermal bullous diseases (pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acquired epidermolysis bullosa), according to the depth of blister formation on the skin and types of autoantibodies against structural proteins (1). Generally, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) form the greater portion of ABDs, and therefore they are the most frequently known ABDs (1,2).The demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics of ABDs and the incidence of subgroups vary according to geographic regions (1,2). In Turkey, despite the absence of national data, the first annual incidence estimations in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of the country were reported as 2.4 and 1.8 per million by Uzun et al. and Bozdag and Bilgin, respectively (3,4). However, it was observed that these limited numbers of published data were of retrospective nature and focused on pemphigus only (3-5). Nevertheless, one of the two recently published retrospective studies from Turkey covered pemphigus with other ABDs, and the other included patients with hereditary bullous diseases and other ABDs (6,7). In this study we aimed to evaluate demographic data, clinical characteristics, related triggering factors, and comorbidities of newly diagnosed patients with ABDs at our clinic.Background/aim: The distribution and the demographic, etiological, and clinical features of autoimmune bullous diseases (ABDs) vary according to geographic regions of the world. The limited number of reported studies in Turkey are mostly retrospective and generally include only pemphigus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographic data, clinical features, associated triggering factors, and comorbidities in patients newly diagnosed with ABDs. Materials and methods:In this descriptive and prospective study, the demographic data, inhabited regions, smoking and drinking habits, presence of comorbidities, and specific and general potential triggering factors of ABDs considered by the patients were examined. Furthermore, the distribution of lesions and autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity scores were recorded.Results: Of the total 59 ABD patients, 26 (44.1%) were diagnosed with pemphigus, 25 (42.4%) were diagnosed with pemphigoid, and 8 (13.5%) were diagnosed with dermatitis herpetiformis. Although there were some differences between the subgroups of ABDs, the onset of the disease was associated with a triggering factor (stress, foods, physical trauma, chemical agents, ultraviolet rays, medications, infections, malignancies, and pregnancy, in a decreasing frequency) in 96.6% of the patients. Autoimmune diseases, ...