Erwartungsfokussierte Psychotherapeutische Interventionen (EFPI)

Rief, Winfried; Glombiewski, Julia Anna

doi:10.1159/000442374

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…That is, behavioral experiments can serve as expectation-violating situations insofar as patients can gain experiences that are contrary to their expectations (Craske et al, 2014). However, clinical experiences suggest that experiences contrary to patients’ expectations do not always result in successful change of expectations (Rief and Glombiewski, 2016). In such cases, it may be worthwhile to actively explore the reasons for the maintenance of expectations in order to impede immunization processes, which could improve therapy success in multiple ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For major depressive disorder (MDD), there is evidence that people suffering from MDD hold situation-specific dysfunctional expectations which may be elicited by depressive core beliefs (Kube et al, 2016). Clinical observations suggest that these expectations are maintained despite experiences that are contrary to patients’ expectations (“expectation violation”) (Rief and Glombiewski, 2016). Surprisingly, this observed persistence of expectations in MDD has not yet been investigated in empirical studies.…”

Section: The Relevance Of Expectations In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, CBT of MDD has primarily focused on present-focused cognitions and automatic thoughts by using cognitive and behavioral interventions (such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral experiments), while rigorously disconfirming future-directed expectations has so far received less attention. A more focused examination of patients’ expectations may be advantageous for optimizing psychological interventions (Rief and Glombiewski, 2016). …”

Section: The Relevance Of Expectations In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If correlational analyses yield promising results, researchers could experimentally vary whether or not the expectations examined in the study are associated with self-concept. Finally, clinical studies might examine whether enhancing CBT with expectation focused interventions (see also Rief and Glombiewski, 2016) increases therapy success relative to treatment as usual.…”

Section: Investigating the Persistence Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Maintenance of Expectations in Major Depression – Investigating a Neglected Phenomenon

2017

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In this perspective paper, we suggest that among patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), dysfunctional expectations are maintained despite experiences that are contrary to these expectations. Surprisingly, this persistence of expectations in MDD has not yet been addressed by empirical studies. We argue that it is worthwhile to investigate this phenomenon with the aim of improving the treatment of MDD, and we provide a theoretical framework for understanding it. It is hypothesized that the persistence of expectations is primarily due to a process called immunization. That is, people experiencing depressive symptoms may cognitively reappraise the contradictory experience such that expectations do not need to be changed. There may be two mechanisms underlying this immunization: (1) the experience in the expectation-violating situation is considered to be an exception; or (2) the credibility of the information gained from the experience is called into question. Moreover, the maintenance of expectations may be particularly persistent if a person’s expectations reflect his or her self-concept, as self-concept has been shown to be associated with future expectations. To empirically examine the hypothesized maintenance of expectations in MDD, we propose an experimental approach which could provide important implications for the treatment of MDD within cognitive behavioral therapy. We suggest that psychological interventions such as behavioral experiments should more rigorously focus on patients’ appraisal of expectation-violating experiences in order to prevent immunization processes. Therapists should continuously examine whether patients’ expectations were modified and should address the reasons for the maintenance of expectations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relevance Of Expectations In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relevance Of Expectations In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Investigating the Persistence Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Maintenance of Expectations in Major Depression – Investigating a Neglected Phenomenon

2017

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“…Serial neuroimaging measurements provide data on how the brain changes over time within the same patient, and recent studies involving longitudinal scanning of patients suggest that measuring the progression of findings facilitates the prediction of outcome 6 . For example, longitudinal data from patients with first episode psychosis and from those with childhood-onset schizophrenia suggest that reductions in hippocampal volume over the first few years of illness are associated with poorer functioning at follow-up 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of expectations in mental disorders and their treatment

Rief

Glombiewski

2017

World Psychiatry

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How expectations and therapeutic style influence counselling outcome

Schamong

D’Astolfo

Bollmann

et al. 2022

Couns and Psychother Res

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ObjectiveWith a lack of experimental designs in psychotherapy/counselling process research, evidence is limited regarding which therapeutic style is helpful for which patient and the role of expectations. Therefore, the aim of this experimental study was to manipulate the therapeutic style and clients' expectations towards psychological counselling and investigate their effects on counselling outcome.MethodEighty healthy participants (74% female, Mage = 31.2 years, SDage = 12.21) received a single counselling session focussing on interpersonal conflicts. We defined two therapeutic styles (relationship‐focussed vs. problem‐focussed) based on the interpersonal circumplex, and participants were led to believe they would receive one of the two styles. In the actual counselling session, they received either the expected or the contrary, resulting in a 2 x 2 design. Primary outcome rated by participants was subjective impairment caused by the conflict 2 weeks after the session; secondary outcomes were satisfaction with the session and perceived working alliance.ResultsThe successful implementation of the proposed therapeutic styles was confirmed by adherence ratings (U = 25.50, p < 0.001) and ratings of counsellors’ behaviour in the circumplex model (p < 0.001) for the friendly and hostile dimensions. Impairment was significantly reduced 2 weeks after the counselling session, but this effect was dependent on neither the therapeutic style, clients' expectations, nor their interaction.DiscussionThe study provides the first evidence that a single counselling session appears to be effective in alleviating impairment caused by an interpersonal conflict, independent of the counselling style and client expectations. The novel experimental design provides a basis for further process research in psychological counselling and psychotherapy.

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Erwartungsfokussierte Psychotherapeutische Interventionen (EFPI)

Cited by 67 publications

References 26 publications

On the Maintenance of Expectations in Major Depression – Investigating a Neglected Phenomenon

On the Maintenance of Expectations in Major Depression – Investigating a Neglected Phenomenon

The role of expectations in mental disorders and their treatment

How expectations and therapeutic style influence counselling outcome

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