Erwärmung der Atemluft in der Nase

Abstract

The anterior part of the nose in particular is capable of heating the inspired air. This is also important for humidification. Heating of inspired air requires special anatomical conditions of the anterior nasal segment.

Numerical simulation and nasal air-conditioning

“…During expiration, airway temperature only decreases minimally in direction from the nasopharynx to the nasal vestibule and still is approximately 34°C at the nasal valve area at the end of expiration [69]. This is in accordance to the results of Cole and Webb [9], [41].…”

Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses

“…Mucociliary clearance is enhanced by factor 2.5 in a working phase in comparison to the contralateral resting phase [58]. Resting phase allows gathering of mucosal moisture [59], [60]. Mucosal cleaning and regeneration as well as improved host defense are discussed as advantageous during the evolution, eventually leading to the development of the nasal cycle [61].…”

It Takes a Mouth to Eat and a Nose to Breathe: Abnormal Oral Respiration Affects Neonates' Oral Competence and Systemic Adaptation

“…Under normal breathing conditions, alternating conchae as well as the nasal cycle within the nose lessens the airflow speed and creates turbulent flow conditions that contribute to shape nasal structures. The nasal inflow also “acclimatises” the physicochemical properties (temperature, hygrometry, and cleanliness through dust adsorption) of incoming air, thus optimising both pulmonary exchanges and chemosensory reception [4–6]. The upper airway crosses the oral path in the larynx region, where respiration and ingestion (and sometimes egestion) are rendered exclusive by the epiglottic switch during feeding.…”