Error modelling, calibration and analysis of an AM–CW terrestrial laser scanner system

Lichti, Derek D.

doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.10.004

Cited by 216 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…It is also clear from the gure then that the distance deviations do not depend only on the target distance and would therefore not be mitigated by TLS calibration with a model like the standard AP as introduced by [5].…”

Section: Distance Deviationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nevertheless, there are only few systematic studies of the impact of re ectance, and proposals for calibration of terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) do not yet include a dependence of distance deviations on re ectance or on received signal strength, see e.g., [3,5,10]. This is likely due to the fact that the impact may be small and hidden within the noise of individual scanned points unless exposed by test on special facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the results are qualitatively representative for the phase-based measurement principle and apply to a broad range of RL-EDM instruments, not only to the speci c instrument used herein. The paper is intended to raise awareness of the impact of re ectivity on RL-EDM and TLS measurements, to enhance our understanding of systematic and random effects, and to form the basis for a practically relevant extension of the additional parameters (AP) proposed for TLS calibration by [5] and used by various authors since then.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface reflectivity on reflectorless electronic distance measurement and terrestrial laser scanning

Zámečníková

Woschitz

Ressl

2014

Journal of Applied Geodesy

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Abstract:The uncertainty of electronic distance measurement to surfaces rather than to dedicated precisionre ectors (re ectorless EDM) is a ected by the entire system comprising instrument, atmosphere and surface. The impact of the latter is signi cant for applications like geodetic monitoring, high-precision surface modelling or laser scanner self-calibration. Nevertheless, it has not yet received su cient attention and is not well understood. We have carried out an experimental investigation of the impact of surface re ectivity on the distance measurements of a terrestrial laser scanner. The investigation helps to clarify (i) whether variations of re ectivity cause systematic deviations of re ectorless EDM, and (ii) if so, whether it is possible and worth modelling these deviations. The results show that di erences in re ectivity may actually cause systematic deviations of a few mm with di usely reecting surfaces and even more with directionally re ecting ones. Using a bivariate quadratic polynomial we were able to approximate these deviations as a function of measured distance and measured signal strength alone. Using this approximation to predict corrections, the deviations of the measurements could be reduced by about 70% in our experiment. We conclude that there is a systematic effect of surface re ectivity (or equivalently received signal strength) on the distance measurement and that it is possible to model and predict this e ect. Integration into laser scanner calibration models may be bene cial for highprecision applications. The results may apply to a broad range of instruments, not only to the speci c laser scanner used herein.

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Section: Distance Deviationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface reflectivity on reflectorless electronic distance measurement and terrestrial laser scanning

Zámečníková

Woschitz

Ressl

2014

Journal of Applied Geodesy

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“…In addition to the position, the intensity of the reflected signal is acquired. This parameter mainly depends on the beam wavelength, the type of material (colours and roughness of the reflective surface), soil moisture and angle of incidence (Ingensand 2006;Lichti 2007;Pesci et al 2008;Voegtle et al 2008).…”

Section: Accuracy Resolution and Point Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: a review

et al. 2010

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This paper presents a short history of the appraisal of laser scanner technologies in geosciences used for imaging relief by high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) or 3D models. A general overview of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) techniques applied to landslides is given, followed by a review of different applications of LIDAR for landslide, rockfall and debris-flow. These applications are classified as: (1) Detection and characterization of mass movements; (2) Hazard assessment and susceptibility mapping; (3) Modelling; (4) Monitoring. This review emphasizes how LIDARderived HRDEMs can be used to investigate any type of landslides. It is clear that such HRDEMs are not yet a common tool for landslides investigations, but this technique has opened new domains of applications that still have to be developed.

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“…Experience shows that the given accuracy parameters should not be trusted in some instances; besides, accuracy of these instruments -which are built in small series -varies from instrument to instrument and depends on individual calibration. Much work has been done on point-based TLS calibration by exploiting their similarities with theodolites or a total station (Parian, Grün 2005;Lichti, Franke 2005;Lichti, Licht 2006;Lichti 2007;Reshetyuk 2006). Self-calibration approaches have recently been investigated by a number of researchers and can be categorised according to the type of targeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Issues Regarding the Calibration of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner Leica Scanstation C10

Antanavičiūtė

Obuchovski

Paršeliūnas

et al. 2013

Geodesy and Cartography

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Abstract. Some issues regarding the calibration results pertaining to the ground-based laser scanner Leica Scanstation C10 are presented and analysed. The calibration was carried out at Kyviškės Calibration Baseline (Jokela et al. 2002) and the special cyclic error detection baseline at the Research Institute of Geodesy of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The instrument was calibrated at 20, 100, 180, 200 and 260 m distances at Kyviškės Calibration Baseline and the indoors baseline from 1 to 15 m with continuous 1 m interval. The special procedure of indirect measurements was suggested to estimate errors of scanner measurements. During this procedure, the positions of the scanstation varied from the calibration baseline pillars to the standard tripods creating triangles of different shapes. The distances obtained by scanning targets placed on the calibration baseline pillars were compared with baseline standard distances. Suggested improvements in the calibration technology could be used for verification and calibration of terrestrial laser scanstations at the calibration baselines.

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Error modelling, calibration and analysis of an AM–CW terrestrial laser scanner system

Cited by 216 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of surface reflectivity on reflectorless electronic distance measurement and terrestrial laser scanning

Influence of surface reflectivity on reflectorless electronic distance measurement and terrestrial laser scanning

Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: a review

Some Issues Regarding the Calibration of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner Leica Scanstation C10

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