Error correction for increasing the usable capacity of photorefractive memories

Neifeld, Mark A.; McDonald, M.

doi:10.1364/ol.19.001483

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Without ECC, the raw-BER would have to be 1O2, reducing capacity much more than the modest ECC code rate. Thus judicious use of ECC increases capacity [24]. In order to keep a localized cluster of errors from overwhelming a codeword, interleaving can be included.…”

Section: Error-correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<title>Optimizing the holographic digital data storage channel</title>

Burr

Ashley

Marcus

et al. 1998

Advanced Optical Memories and Interfaces to Computer Storage

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Holographic storage has the potential to become a digital data storage technology with fast readout and high density. Computer users have come to expect, however, that data retrieved from their storage devices will be retrieved error-free (with a probability of error <10 12). In both conventional storage devices and holographic data storage, achieving this degree of reliability involves a good understanding of the data channel and a combination of careful hardware engineering, signal processing, and coding.At the IBM Almaden Research Center, we have leveraged the expertise acquired with 1-dimensional, timedependent data channels found in magnetic and optical data storage systems, to develop unique and highly effective signal processing and coding algorithms to optimize the performance of the 2-dimensional, space-dependent digital holographic data storage channel. Crucial to our efforts has been the high-performance holographic data storage platform we built in 1996. This tool has allowed us to characterize and perturb a real holographic data channel, and implement and evaluate new data-coding and signal processing algorithms. This rapid feedback loop between ideas, implementation, and results both aids in selecting fruitful approaches and yields deeper understanding of the underlying data channel.In this paper, we discuss the holographic digital data storage channel as divided into five parts: the optical path, pre-processing (how the data gets into the holograms), post-processing (manipulation of raw data just after optical detection), conversion into binary 0's and l's, and error-correction (using added redundancy). Optimizing the channel involves maximizing the system performance (density, speed) while minimizing complexity (and thus cost) and maintaining the required degree of reliability. INTRODUCTIONBy accessing the third dimension of storage media, volume holographic data storage can provide both high density and fast readout [1][2][3] . Thousands of holograms, each containing a page of data, are multiplexed into a common volume and accessed independently by Bragg-matched diffraction. As the size of this common volume is decreased, density (either volumetric or areal) increases. Since each data page can contain as many as a million pixels [4], reading one thousand pages a second results in a data rate of 1 Gbit/second.As with any real-world data transmission or storage system, a holographic storage system is a noisy data channel.

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Section: Error-correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Use interleaving[23] and strong error-correction[24] to produce the same target user-BER from a more error-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Optimizing the holographic digital data storage channel</title>

Burr

Ashley

Marcus

et al. 1998

Advanced Optical Memories and Interfaces to Computer Storage

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“…Error patterns caused by the noise sources mainly include random errors, burst errors, and inhomogeneously distributed errors. Similar to communication and other storage systems, error correcting and interleaving techniques are usually introduced into HDS systems to reduce the errors in the channel and to lower the symbol error rate (SER) down to the practical level [6][7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional error correcting with matched interleaving for holographic data storage

Cao

et al. 2011

SPIE Proceedings

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For applying to various error patterns, including random errors, burst errors, and inhomogeneously distributed errors, in the holographic data storage (HDS) channel, a three-dimensional error correcting with matched interleaving (3DEC-MI) scheme is proposed in this paper. The 3DEC-MI scheme combines the advantages of the three-dimensional error correcting scheme and the matched interleaving scheme, makes full use of the priori knowledge of the error patterns in the HDS channel, distributes errors more uniformly, and decodes data iteratively in three dimensions. It is able to eliminate the influences of non-uniform distribution of errors within a page and across pages, overcome the effects of burst errors, correct random errors, and effectively reduce the symbol error rate (SER) of the HDS channel.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The application of capacityachieving codes for these systems was introduced in Ref. 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irregular repeat-accumulate codes for volume holographic memory systems

Pishro-Nik

Fekri

2004

Appl. Opt.

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We investigate the application of irregular repeat-accumulate ͑IRA͒ codes in volume holographic memory ͑VHM͒ systems. We introduce methodologies to design efficient IRA codes. We show that a judiciously designed IRA code for a typical VHM can be as good as the optimized irregular low-density-parity-check codes while having the additional advantage of lower encoding complexity. Moreover, we present a method to reduce the error-floor effect of the IRA codes in the VHM systems. This method explores the structure of the noise pattern in holographic memories. Finally, we explain why IRA codes are good candidates for the VHM systems.

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Error correction for increasing the usable capacity of photorefractive memories

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

<title>Optimizing the holographic digital data storage channel</title>

<title>Optimizing the holographic digital data storage channel</title>

Three-dimensional error correcting with matched interleaving for holographic data storage

Irregular repeat-accumulate codes for volume holographic memory systems

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