Erratum to: Suppression of UVC-induced cell damage and enhancement of DNA repair by the fermented milk, Kefir

Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Inorganic Selenium, Oxo-Sulfur, and Oxo-Selenium Compounds

“…Experiments performed with various antioxidants, including Kefir grain extracts, showed that both Kefir extracts (900-21,000 lg/ml) and MMTS (10 lg/ml) stimulated more than 50% thymine dimer repair Fig. 6 Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide by hydrogen peroxide in UVC-irradiated HMV-1 cells, whereas other antioxidants tested (epigallocatechin and vitamins A, C, E, and K) showed little repair enhancement (B10-30%) [234].…”

Protective Effects of the Fermented Milk Kefir on X-Ray Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Damage in B6C3F1 Mice

“…One possibility is that the Kefir components contain antioxidants that directly scavenge radiation-induced reactive oxygen species. 5,[36][37][38][39] Several antioxidative enzymes have been described to exist in milk. 39) However, further study demonstrated that fermentation of Kefir for 32 h did not increase the superoxide dismutase levels and rather decreased the glutathione peroxidase levels.…”

“…In addition, there are reports on the anti-inflammatory 47,48) and mucosal immunomodulatory 24,29) effects of Kefir, suggesting that these efficacies may have cooperatively contributed to the present results. We previously suggested that the factor responsible for the antioxidative activity has a MW of less than 3500, 37) while that for the thymine dimer repair enzyme activity has a MW of less than 5000 36) and that for the glucose uptake enhancing activity has a MW of less than 1000. 38) Based on these data, one of our ongoing tasks is to identify the substances responsible for the anti-GIC activity, and to relate such substances with those described above.…”

Ultraviolet radiation enhanced growth of lactobacilli and their bioconversion of isoflavones in biotin-supplemented soymilk

“…This was most prevalent in L. gasseri FTDC 8131, where viability was 9.3e14.9% (P < 0.05) lower than the control, while L. fermentum BT 8219 was least affected by the high UV dose (90 J/m 2 ), where viability was only reduced by 4.5e12.6% (P < 0.05) compared to the control (data not shown). This may be the effects of ROS generated after UV radiation that caused direct damage to key proteins, enzymes and DNA in the cells and indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules (Nagira et al, 2002).…”

“…UV radiation causes impairment on cellular functions by generating reactive oxygen species which react with lipids, proteins and nucleic acid and leads to oxidative stress condition. Although UV strike results in DNA lesions, bacteria evolve with diverse protection mechanisms against UV stress via the production of photo-protective substances or possess efficient repair processes (Nagira et al, 2002). UV radiation has been shown to cause physical perturbation of the plasma membrane by increasing membrane permeability to substrate which subsequently enhanced the specific enzyme activity of bacteria (Hung & Liao, 1996).…”