Erratum to: Large-scale mitochondrial phylogeography in the halophilic fairy shrimp Phallocryptus spinosa (Milne-Edwards, 1840) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)

Abstract

The three following sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with GenBank Accession Numbers EU236129, EU236130 and EU236131 were erroneously assigned to the fairy shrimp Phallocryptus spinosa (haplotypes L, M and N respectively in the original publication).A BLAST search revealed that they instead match representatives of the cladoceran family Daphniidae (EU236129 and EU236131) and of the copepod family Diaptomidae (EU236130). These sequences will hence be removed from the GenBank database. We hypothesize that the cause of these erroneous amplifications has to be sought in the apparently not so rare occurrence of small crustaceans within the anostracan foliaceous limbs, as posterior microscopic inspections of a variety of ethanol-preserved anostracans confirmed (M. Ventura pers. obs.). We hence recommend to accurately checking anostracans prior to DNA extraction to exclude possible sources of contamination.We phylogenetically re-analyzed the data of the original publication by using alternatively the 16S rRNA gene only (all haplotypes, including L, M, and N) and the COI?16S sequences combined but excluding haplotypes L, M, and N. Both data sets were analyzed with a Bayesian approach and the GTR?C model of sequence evolution. Analytical settings were as in the original publication. Figure 1 shows the resulting trees as well as the original tree published in the original publication. In the 16S tree haplotypes L and M firmly cluster together and are nested within clade IV of the original publication while haplotype N is placed basal to the whole aforementioned group. Clade I is confirmed. The 16S?COI tree is the correct tree and should substitute that presented in the original publication. It is worth noting that while the deep divergence of the erroneous clades II and III is certainly an artefact, 16S data still suggest a certain degree of divergence for haplotypes L, M and N.The remaining results and conclusions of the original publication are correct.Acknowledgments We are deeply grateful to Marc Ventura Oller (CEAB, Girona, Spain) for having informed us of the mistake detailed in the present erratum.

Combined effect of temperature and salinity on hatching characteristics of three fairy shrimp species (Crustacea: Anostraca)

“…Intraspecific variation in the hatching pattern of fairy shrimps is also reported by a number of other researchers confirming the above findings on P. spinosa (see review in Brendonck, 1996;Simovich and Hathaway, 1997;Van Dooren and Brendonck, 1998;Brendonck and Riddoch, 2001). However, it should be taken into account that recent data (Ketmaier et al, 2008, Alonso andVentura, 2013;Ketmaier et al, 2013) suggest that P. spinosa is not monophyletic. Therefore further studies may be required to confirm if differences in hatching patterns are indeed due to intraspecific variations or if they are phylogenetic differences.…”

A new fairy shrimp <i>Phallocryptus tserensodnomi</i> (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Mongolia

“…Resulting sequences (deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KF040444 to KF040446) were aligned with sequences of other relevant Phallocryptus species (retrieved from GenBank; Ketmaier et al 2008) using the ClustalW algorithm (Thompson et al 1994) in MEGA version 5 (Tamura et al 2011). Among the four clades described by Ketmaier et al (2008), we only included the sequences from clades I and IV since their three sequences of COI belonging to clades II and III seem not to belong to anostracans (Ketmaier et al 2013). The alignments were checked by eye and corrected according to the translated amino-acid alignment, and sequence divergences (Kimura 2-parameter model) were calculated with the same software.…”

On the occurrence of Phallocryptus spinosus (Milne-Edwards, 1840) in Sicily (Crustacea, Branchiopoda)

“…In the Palaearctic region, three Phallocryptus species are currently known to occur: P. spinosus (Milne-Edwards, 1840), P. tserensodnomi Alonso &Ventura, 2013, andP. fahimii Schwentner, Rudov &Rajaei, 2020. In addition, based on molecular data, a very divergent P. spinosus clade from Botswana, Algeria and Morocco is likely a further different species pending a formal description (Alonso and Ventura 2013;Ketmaier et al 2013;Schwentner et al 2020).…”