Erratum: Three-dimensional imaging of strain in a single ZnO nanorod

Newton, Marcus C.; Leake, Steven; Harder, Ross; Robinson, Ian

doi:10.1038/nmat2702

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…During the past two decades, one dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanomaterials, including nanorods, 1 nanowires, 2 nanobelts, 3 nanotubes, 4 and so forth, have aroused considerable research interest due to their unique geometry shape with a high surface-to-volume ratio and exceptional physicochemical properties. [5][6][7] Among these nanostructures, 1D ZnO nanomaterials, [8][9][10] especially ZnO nanotubes, have attracted particular attention because of their excellent photonic and electric properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional ZnO nanotube arrays and their optical tuning through formation of type-II heterostructures

et al. 2016

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In this paper, we report on the first successful attempt of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of well-aligned single-crystalline ZnO nanotube arrays on Mo wire mesh. According to detailed morphology and composition analyses, a rational growth model is proposed to illustrate the growth process of the hollow ZnO nanotubes. Metastable Zn-rich ZnO_x nanorods formed in the early stage are believed to play a vital role towards the formation of nanotube configuration. In addition, we also successfully fabricate ZnO/ ZnS and ZnO/CdS core/shell nanotube arrays by simply depositing ZnS and CdS on the pre-fabricated ZnO nanotubes. Despite the existence of a large lattice mismatch, the grown ZnS and CdS layers are somewhat single-crystalline and show an epitaxial orientation relationship with the inner ZnO, that is, [0001]_{ZnS or CdS}//[0001]_ZnO and (10-10)_{ZnS or CdS}//(10-10)_ZnO. Further, room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) characterization indicates that after surface decoration, the formed ZnO-based heterostructures show dis- tinguished optical properties. Quenching of 67.2% and 99.7% of ZnO near-band-gap (NBE) emission is ob- served on ZnO/CdS and ZnO/ZnS, respectively. Efficient charge separation resulting from type-II band con- figuration is considered to be responsible for the variation of optical properties. Our method may represent a powerful synthesis platform for creation of ZnO nanotubes and ZnO-based hollow heterostructures with tunable properties

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional ZnO nanotube arrays and their optical tuning through formation of type-II heterostructures

et al. 2016

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“…[26,27] With CXDI it is possible to visualize single grains, defects, and strain with high precision inside functional materials [28,29] by reconstructing the complex amplitude and phase in small nanometer to micrometer sized single crystal objects. [30][31][32] Due to its high crystallinity and simplicity of production, ZnO nanocrystals and rods have been a common subject. [31,33,34] CXDI was further employed to visualize the strain field inside other nanoparticles including lead, [35] polycrystalline particles in thin gold films, [28] and batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30][31][32] Due to its high crystallinity and simplicity of production, ZnO nanocrystals and rods have been a common subject. [31,33,34] CXDI was further employed to visualize the strain field inside other nanoparticles including lead, [35] polycrystalline particles in thin gold films, [28] and batteries. [29,36] In this study, complementary techniques of reciprocal and real space analyses by means of Bragg CXDI and geometric phase analysis (GPA) performed on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs were used to visualize the 3D and the estimated relative local strain distribution in piezotronic ZnO/Au microstructures in order to understand how it affects the Schottky barrier and related electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Intrinsic 3D‐Strain Distribution in Gold Coated ZnO Microstructures by Bragg Coherent X‐Ray Diffraction Imaging and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Respect to Piezotronic Applications

Jordt

Wolff

Hrkac

et al. 2021

Adv Elect Materials

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Novel devices ranging from bio magnetic field sensors to energy harvesting nano machines utilize the piezotronic effect. For optimal function, understanding the interaction of electrical and strain phenomena within the semiconductor crystal is necessary. Here, studies of a model piezotronic system are presented, consisting of a ZnO microrod coated by a thin layer of gold, which forms a Schottky contact with the piezoelectric ZnO material. Coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to visualize the structure and strain distribution, showing that the ZnO microrod exhibits strains of multiple origins in the bulk and at the interface. Strain values of −6 × 10‐4 have been measured by CXDI at the ZnO/Au interface. The origin is shown to be a combination of an interface strain, possibly caused by the Schottky contact formation, and distinct, localized electrical fields inside the crystal which are assigned to electron depletion and screening in a bent ZnO/Au piezotronic rod. These findings will contribute to sensor development and to a better understanding of piezotronic applications.

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“…Since the first experimental demonstration of this lensless imaging technique by Miao et al (1999), coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) has undergone rapid development using synchrotron radiation (Robinson & Harder, 2009;Chapman & Nugent, 2010;Miao et al, 2002Pfeifer et al, 2006;Chapman, Barty, Marchesini et al, 2006), X-ray free-electron lasers (X-FELs) (Chapman, Barty, Bogan et al, 2006;Seibert et al, 2011;Mancuso et al, 2010;Schlichting & Miao, 2012), high harmonic generation (Sandberg et al, 2007(Sandberg et al, , 2008Ravasio et al, 2009;Seaberg et al, 2011), soft X-ray lasers (Sandberg et al, 2007) and electrons (Zuo et al, 2003;Dronyak, 2009;De Caro, 2010). Various forms of CDI methods have been developed, including planewave CDI (Miao et al, 1999(Miao et al, , 2002Chapman, Barty, Marchesini et al, 2006;Chapman, Barty, Bogan et al, 2006;Seibert et al, 2011;Sandberg et al, 2007;Zuo et al, 2003), Bragg CDI (Robinson & Harder, 2009;Pfeifer et al, 2006;Newton et al, 2010), scanning (or ptychographic) CDI (Rodenburg et al, 2007;Thibault et al, 2008;Giewekemeyer et al, 2010), reflection CDI (Marathe et al, 2010;Roy et al, 2011), Fresnel CDI (Williams et al, 2006) and others (Abbey et al, 2008;Szameit et al, 2012). ...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversampling smoothness: an effective algorithm for phase retrieval of noisy diffraction intensities

et al. 2013

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Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is high-resolution lensless microscopy that has been applied to image a wide range of specimens using synchrotron radiation, X-ray free-electron lasers, high harmonic generation, soft X-ray lasers and electrons. Despite recent rapid advances, it remains a challenge to reconstruct fine features in weakly scattering objects such as biological specimens from noisy data. Here an effective iterative algorithm, termed oversampling smoothness (OSS), for phase retrieval of noisy diffraction intensities is presented. OSS exploits the correlation information among the pixels or voxels in the region outside of a support in real space. By properly applying spatial frequency filters to the pixels or voxels outside the support at different stages of the iterative process ( a smoothness constraint), OSS finds a balance between the hybrid input-output (HIO) and error reduction (ER) algorithms to search for a global minimum in solution space, while reducing the oscillations in the reconstruction. Both numerical simulations with Poisson noise and experimental data from a biological cell indicate that OSS consistently outperforms the HIO, ER-HIO and noise robust (NR)-HIO algorithms at all noise levels in terms of accuracy and consistency of the reconstructions. It is expected that OSS will find application in the rapidly growing CDI field, as well as other disciplines where phase retrieval from noisy Fourier magnitudes is needed. The (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) source code of the OSS algorithm is freely available from http://www.physics.ucla.edu/research/imaging.

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Erratum: Three-dimensional imaging of strain in a single ZnO nanorod

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Three dimensional ZnO nanotube arrays and their optical tuning through formation of type-II heterostructures

Three dimensional ZnO nanotube arrays and their optical tuning through formation of type-II heterostructures

Visualizing Intrinsic 3D‐Strain Distribution in Gold Coated ZnO Microstructures by Bragg Coherent X‐Ray Diffraction Imaging and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Respect to Piezotronic Applications

Oversampling smoothness: an effective algorithm for phase retrieval of noisy diffraction intensities

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