Erratum: Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions [Phys. Rev. C<b>86</b>, 024904 (2012)]

Kitazawa, Masakiyo; Asakawa, Masayuki

doi:10.1103/physrevc.86.069902

Cited by 121 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…2 [28]. It, however, should be remembered that the net-proton number is not a conserved charge and different from net-baryon number [98,99]. In fact, it is shown in Refs.…”

Section: Conserved Charges In Heavy Ion Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction

Asakawa

Kitazawa

2016

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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115

102

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Bulk fluctuations of conserved charges measured by event-by-event analysis in relativistic heavy ion collisions are observables which are believed to carry significant amount of information on the hot medium created by the collisions. Active studies have been done recently experimentally, theoretically, and on the lattice. In particular, non-Gaussianity of the fluctuations has acquired much attention recently. In this review, we give a pedagogical introduction to these issues, and survey recent developments in this field of research. Starting from the definition of cumulants, basic concepts in fluctuation physics, such as thermal fluctuations in statistical mechanics and time evolution of fluctuations in diffusive systems, are described. Phenomena which are expected to occur in finite temperature and/or density QCD matter and their measurement by event-byevent analyses are also elucidated.

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“…2 [28]. It, however, should be remembered that the net-proton number is not a conserved charge and different from net-baryon number [98,99]. In fact, it is shown in Refs.…”

Section: Conserved Charges In Heavy Ion Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction

Asakawa

Kitazawa

2016

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Self Cite

115

102

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“…The validity of this assumption is fulfilled at the LHC energies [23]. In order to correct net proton distributions for the baryon number conservation eq.…”

Section: Global Conservation Lawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note that the corresponding cumulants for particles can be obtained by replacing ∆N and ∆n in eqs. [21][22][23][24] with N B and n B , respectively. In the same way the cumulants for antiparticles are obtained.…”

Section: Participant or Volume Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions

2017

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We develop methods to deal with non-dynamical contributions to event-by-event fluctuation measurements of net-particle numbers in relativistic nuclear collisions. These contributions arise from impact parameter fluctuations and from the requirement of overall net-baryon number or net-charge conservation and may mask the dynamical fluctuations of interest, such as those due to critical endpoints in the QCD phase diagram. Within a model of independent particle sources we derive formulae for net-particle fluctuations and develop a rigorous approach to take into account contributions from participant fluctuations in realistic experimental environments and at any cumulant order. Interestingly, contributions from participant fluctuations to the second and third cumulants of net-baryon distributions are found to vanish at mid-rapidity for LHC energies while higher cumulants of even order are non-zero even when the net-baryon number at mid-rapidity is zero. At lower beam energies the effect of participant fluctuations increases and induces spurious higher moments. The necessary corrections become large and need to be carefully taken into account before comparison to theory. We also provide a procedure for selecting the optimal phase-space coverage of particles for fluctuation analyses and discuss quantitatively the necessary correction due to global charge conservation.

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“…These include acceptance corrections [24,25], finite volume effects [26], volume fluctuations [27] as well as possible non-equilibrium effects.…”

Section: Fluctuations At µ B /T >mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the QCD phase diagram with fluctuations

Friman

2014

Nuclear Physics A

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The relevance of higher order cumulants of conserved charges for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC is discussed. Using properties of O(4) scaling functions, the generic structure of these higher cumulants at vanishing baryon chemical potential is discussed. Chiral model calculations are then used to study their properties at non-zero baryon chemical potential. It is argued that the rapid variation of sixth and higher order cumulants at the phase boundary may be used to explore the QCD phase diagram in experiment. Moreover, results for the Polyakov loop susceptibilities in SU(3) lattice gauge theory as well as in (2+1) flavor lattice QCD are discussed. An analysis of the ratios of susceptibilities indicates that the deconfinement transition is reflected in characteristic modifications of these ratios.

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Erratum: Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions [Phys. Rev. C86, 024904 (2012)]

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction

Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction

Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions

Probing the QCD phase diagram with fluctuations

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