Erratum: “Note: A new angle-resolved proton energy spectrometer” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 096103 (2013)]

Continuous-flow photochemistry is used increasingly by researchers in academia and industry to facilitate photochemical processes and their subsequent scale-up. However, without detailed knowledge concerning the engineering aspects of photochemistry, it can be quite challenging to develop a suitable photochemical microreactor for a given reaction. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of both technological and chemical aspects associated with photochemical processes in microreactors. Important design considerations, such as light sources, material selection, and solvent constraints are discussed. In addition, a detailed description of photon and mass-transfer phenomena in microreactors is made and fundamental principles are deduced for making a judicious choice for a suitable photomicroreactor. The advantages of microreactor technology for photochemistry are described for UV and visible-light driven photochemical processes and are compared with their batch counterparts. In addition, different scale-up strategies and limitations of continuous-flow microreactors are discussed.

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Photochemical Transformations Accelerated in Continuous‐Flow Reactors: Basic Concepts and Applications

Straathof

Hessel

et al. 2014

Chemistry A European J

451

271

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A Miniature Device for Shock Initiation of Hexanitrostilbene by High‐Speed Flyer

Zeng

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A miniature device for shock initiation of the hexanitrostilbene (HNS) through micro‐charge detonation‐driven flyer was fabricated. This device consisted of the substrate, micro‐charge, flyer, and barrel. Four types of flyer (titanium of 28 μm, aluminum of 22 μm, copper of 22 μm and polyimide (PI) of 55 μm in thickness) were studied and the effect of micro‐charge thickness, diameter, and barrel length were investigated by measuring the average flyer velocities using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films. The results show that the titanium flyer is more proper for such initiation device compared to aluminum, copper, and polyimide flyer. The average velocity of the flyer increased with the thickness of micro‐charge and the increment was larger when the thickness increases from 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm than when the thickness increases from 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm. The flyer velocity significantly increased with the increase in the diameter of micro‐charge until a plateau appeared at 0.8 mm. The flyer velocity increased first and then decreased sharply with the increase in barrel length. The average velocity for a 28 μm thick titanium flyer was measured to be as high as 2468 m s−1 when the thickness, micro‐charge diameter and the length of barrel were 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm and 659 μm, respectively. The HNS‐IV explosive with density 1.57 g cm−3 was initiated by this miniature device.

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Plasticity in Crystalline Molecular Explosives – A Key to Unraveling “Unpredictable” Responses

Hooks

Cawkwell

Ramos

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Erratum: “Note: A new angle-resolved proton energy spectrometer” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 096103 (2013)]

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Photochemical Transformations Accelerated in Continuous‐Flow Reactors: Basic Concepts and Applications

Photochemical Transformations Accelerated in Continuous‐Flow Reactors: Basic Concepts and Applications

A Miniature Device for Shock Initiation of Hexanitrostilbene by High‐Speed Flyer

Plasticity in Crystalline Molecular Explosives – A Key to Unraveling “Unpredictable” Responses

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