ERP Correlates of Directed Forgetting Effects in Direct and Indirect Memory Tests

Paz-Caballero, Maria Dolores; Menor, Julio

doi:10.1080/713752308

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This was in line with two previous studies, which reflected that remembered TBR items are more likely to give rise to a sense of conscious recollection than remembered TBF items (Nowicka et al, 2009; Van Hooff et al, 2009). In behavioral results, we also replicated the critical finding from a body of studies (Paz-Caballero and Menor, 1999; Ullsperger et al, 2000; Nowicka et al, 2009; Van Hooff et al, 2009; Yang et al, 2012) in which participants were more accurate and faster in response to TBR item than to TBF item (i.e., typical DF effect).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Dissociating the Electrophysiological Correlates between Item Retrieval and Associative Retrieval in Associative Recognition: From the Perspective of Directed Forgetting

Wang

Mao

et al. 2016

Front. Psychol.

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Although many behavioral studies have reported associative memory was different from item memory, evidence coming from ERP researches has been in debate. In addition, directed forgetting effect for items has been fully discussed, but whether association between items can be directed-forgotten was unclear. The directed forgetting effect was important for dissociating the item retrieval and associative retrieval because of the one-to-one mapping relationship both between item retrieval and familiarity and between associative retrieval and recollection. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the dissociation between item retrieval and associative retrieval and test directed forgetting effect for associative information. Associative recognition paradigm combined with directed forgetting paradigm by ERP recording was employed. Old/rearranged effect in to-be-remembered condition, which was associated with associative memory, was significant at 500–800 ms (LPC) but not at 300–500 ms interval (FN400), indicating that item information was retrieved prior to associative information. The ERP wave calculated by subtracting the to-be-forgotten old pairs with “old” response from those with “rearranged” response, which reflected associative retrieval in the to-be-forgotten condition, was negative from 500 to 800 ms (reversed old/new effect), indicating that association between items can be directed-forgotten. Similar evidence was obtained by contrasting “rearranged” responses aimed to the to-be-forgotten old pairs with those aimed to the to-be-remembered rearranged pairs, which actually represented the complete failure of associative retrieval. Therefore, item retrieval and associative retrieval were indexed by FN400 and LPC respectively, with associative retrieval more inhibited than item retrieval.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Dissociating the Electrophysiological Correlates between Item Retrieval and Associative Retrieval in Associative Recognition: From the Perspective of Directed Forgetting

Wang

Mao

et al. 2016

Front. Psychol.

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“…Wegner andcolleagues (1987, Wegner 1994) have shown that attempts to suppress a thought can produce a postsuppression rebound effect, whereby the taboo thought comes to mind with even greater frequency after the suppression episode. Research on intentional forgetting has shown that words people are instructed to forget can influence the word associates people generate in a subsequent "unrelated" study (e.g., Basden et al 1993, Paz-Caballero & Menor 1999. Similarly, participants in Macrae et al's (1994) study who had previously been asked to suppress stereotypic thoughts about skinheads were actually faster to recognize stereotyperelevant words on a lexical decision task, and they chose to maintain greater social distance from a skinhead, relative to controls.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence For Repression Suppression Intentional mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Knowledge: Its Limits, Value, and Potential for Improvement

Wilson

Dunn

2004

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

430

322

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Because of personal motives and the architecture of the mind, it may be difficult for people to know themselves. People often attempt to block out unwanted thoughts and feelings through conscious suppression and perhaps through unconscious repression, though whether such attempts are successful is controversial. A more common source of self-knowledge failure is the inaccessibility of much of the mind to consciousness, including mental processes involved in perception, motor learning, personality, attitudes, and self-esteem. Introspection cannot provide a direct pipeline to these mental processes, though some types of introspection may help people construct beneficial personal narratives. Other ways of increasing self-knowledge include looking at ourselves through the eyes of others and observing our own behavior. These approaches can potentially promote self-knowledge, although major obstacles exist. It is not always advantageous to hold self-perceptions that correspond perfectly with reality, but increasing awareness of nonconscious motives and personality is generally beneficial.

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“…Several studies using ERP methodology with a focus on the N400 component have revealed wave-form related differences associated with differences in semantic or grammatical category membership or with differences in orthographic properties, distinguishing between concrete versus abstract words (Paz-Caballero and Menor, 1999), nouns versus verbs (Pulvermüller et al, 1999;Kellenbach et al, 2002), items having high versus low numbers of orthographic neighbors (Holcomb et al, 2002). On the specific subject of the natural/artifactual dissociation, Kiefer (2001), using a superordinate object categorization task, found that the topographic distribution of the N400 component varied as a function of domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation

2006

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The aim of this work was to test whether the differences usually found between the processing of visual stimuli corresponding to natural and artifactual domains reflect the different ways in which these domains are organized in the brain or are rather due to varying tasks demands. For this purpose, we designed two tasks in which subjects had to classify a series of line drawings. In one task (semantic categorization), the subjects were asked to categorize the stimuli as corresponding either to the natural or the artifactual class, and in the other (gender decision), the subjects had to decide if the names of the stimuli corresponded to either the masculine or the feminine gender. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and reactions times (RTs) were registered during the two tasks. We found both quantitative and topographical differences between ERPs elicited by natural stimuli and those by artifactual stimuli. In the 50-to 200-ms period, ERPs were more positive for the natural stimuli in the categorization task, but more positive for the artifactual stimuli in the gender decision task. In addition, natural stimuli elicited larger P600 and were associated with shorter RTs than artifactual stimuli in the categorization task. These results likely reflect differences concerning the relative difficulty of processing the stimuli of each domain in each task. In the N400 range, in contrast, there were differences between the two domains which were independent of task. In the two tasks, natural and artifactual stimuli elicited IntroductionThe organization of knowledge and its representation in the brain have been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. It is widely accepted that knowledge is grouped into semantic categories, and the division between the natural and artifactual (or living and nonliving) domains is one of the most obvious and traditionally studied distinctions. There is evidence suggesting that this distinction is not only cognitive but also has a neurological basis. Data from studies of braindamaged patients suggest that the two domains are processed, at least partially, in different areas of the brain. For example, patients with lesions in the left frontal area present more problems with images of inanimate objects, whereas B R A I N R E S E A R C H 1 0 6 7 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 1 8 9 -2 0 0 ⁎ Corresponding author.

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ERP Correlates of Directed Forgetting Effects in Direct and Indirect Memory Tests

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Dissociating the Electrophysiological Correlates between Item Retrieval and Associative Retrieval in Associative Recognition: From the Perspective of Directed Forgetting

Dissociating the Electrophysiological Correlates between Item Retrieval and Associative Retrieval in Associative Recognition: From the Perspective of Directed Forgetting

Self-Knowledge: Its Limits, Value, and Potential for Improvement

Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation

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