información del artículo Historia del artículo: Recibido el 21 de octubre de 2014 Aceptado el 3 de noviembre de 2014 On-line el 4 de diciembre de 2014Palabras clave: Cibervictimización Evaluación Alumnado Educación Secundaria Adolescencia r e s u m e n El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar la validez (factorial y de criterio) y fiabilidad (en términos de consistencia interna) del Cuestionario de cibervictimización (CBV), un autoinforme diseñado para medir en adolescentes en qué medida el informante es víctima de agresiones a través del teléfono móvil o Internet. Para ello, se aplicó el CBV a 2.490 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Asturias (España), junto con el Cuestionario de factores de riesgo para la cibervictimización (FRC). Los resultados obtenidos muestran, con respecto a la validez factorial, que tanto el modelo unifactorial como los modelos multifactoriales puestos a prueba mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios representan de manera adecuada la estructura interna del CBV. No obstante, el modelo de un factor resulta preferible por ser más parsimonioso. Respecto a la validez de criterio, la puntuación en el CBV correlaciona de manera estadísticamente significativa con los seis criterios externos evaluados con el cuestionario FRC, con los que la evidencia empírica previa indica que correlaciona la cibervictimización. Respecto a la fiabilidad, el CBV presenta una adecuada consistencia interna (␣ = 0,85). Por todo ello, se concluye que el CBV es una herramienta adecuada para medir cibervictimización en estudiantes de Secundaria. a b s t r a c tThis aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Cybervictimization questionnaire (CBV), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess if adolescent have been the victim of aggression through a mobile phone or Internet. To test the factorial validity and criterion validity, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire, a sample of 2,490 students from Secondary Compulsory Education participated in this study. The students responded to the CBV and the Risk Factors Questionnaire for Cybervictimization (FRC). Confirmatory factor analyses were performed for investigation of the factor structure of the scale. The results show that both models tested, the one-factor model and multifactormodel, adequately represent the internal structure of the CBV. However, to be more parsimonious, the one-factor model is preferable. For criterion-related validity, the correlation between the CBV and the FRC was calculated. As a result of this, a significant correlation was found between CBV score and the six external criteria evaluated in the FRC questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency reliability of CBV was 0.85. These results demonstrate that the CBV is a valid and reliable tool to assess victimization in Secondary Compulsory Education students.

Antisocial behavior is strongly associated with academic failure in adolescence. There is a solid body of evidence that points to parenting style as one of its main predictors. The objective of this work is to elaborate a reduced, valid, and reliable version of the questionnaire by Oliva et al. (2007) to evaluate the dimensions of parenting style and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish adolescents. To that end, the designed questionnaire was applied to 1974 adolescents 12–18 years of age from Asturias (Spain). Regarding construct validity, the results show that the model that best represents the data is composed of six dimensions of parenting style, just as in the original scale, namely affection and communication; promotion of autonomy; behavioral control; psychological control; self-disclosure; and humor. The psychological control factor negatively correlates with the other factors, with the exception of behavioral control, with which it positively correlates. The remaining correlations among the factors in the parenting style questionnaire are positive. Regarding internal consistency, the reliability analysis for each factor supports the suitability of this six-factor model. With regard to criterion validity, as expected based on the evidence available, the six dimensions of parenting style correlate in a statistically significant manner with the three antisocial behavior measures used as criteria (off-line school aggression, antisocial behavior, and antisocial friendships). Specifically, all dimensions negatively correlate with the three variables, except for psychological control. In the latter case, the correlation is positive. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Cybercrime is a growing and worrisome problem, particularly when it involves minors. Cyberaggression among adolescents in particular can result in negative legal and psychological consequences for people involved. Therefore, it is important to have instruments to detect these incidents early and understand the problem to propose effective measures for prevention and treatment. This paper aims to design a new self-report, the Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA), to evaluate the extent to which the respondent conducts aggressions through a mobile phone or the internet and analyse the factorial and criterion validity and reliability of their scores in a sample of adolescents from Asturias, Spain. The CYBA was administered to 3,148 youth aged between 12 and 18 years old along with three self-reports to measure aggression at school, impulsivity, and empathy. Regarding factorial validity, the model that best represents the structure of the CYBA consists of three factors (Impersonation, Visualsexual Cyber-aggression, and Verbal Cyber-aggression and Exclusion) and four additional indicators of Visual Cyber-aggression-Teasing/Happy Slapping. Regarding criterion validity, the score on the CYBA correlates positively with aggression at school and impulsivity and negatively with empathy. That is the way cyber-aggression correlates with these three variables, according to previous empirical evidence. The reliability of the scores on each item and factor of the CYBA are adequate. Therefore, the CYBA offers a valid and reliable measure of cyber-aggression in adolescents.

The aim of this work was to test whether the differences usually found between the processing of visual stimuli corresponding to natural and artifactual domains reflect the different ways in which these domains are organized in the brain or are rather due to varying tasks demands. For this purpose, we designed two tasks in which subjects had to classify a series of line drawings. In one task (semantic categorization), the subjects were asked to categorize the stimuli as corresponding either to the natural or the artifactual class, and in the other (gender decision), the subjects had to decide if the names of the stimuli corresponded to either the masculine or the feminine gender. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and reactions times (RTs) were registered during the two tasks. We found both quantitative and topographical differences between ERPs elicited by natural stimuli and those by artifactual stimuli. In the 50-to 200-ms period, ERPs were more positive for the natural stimuli in the categorization task, but more positive for the artifactual stimuli in the gender decision task. In addition, natural stimuli elicited larger P600 and were associated with shorter RTs than artifactual stimuli in the categorization task. These results likely reflect differences concerning the relative difficulty of processing the stimuli of each domain in each task. In the N400 range, in contrast, there were differences between the two domains which were independent of task. In the two tasks, natural and artifactual stimuli elicited IntroductionThe organization of knowledge and its representation in the brain have been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. It is widely accepted that knowledge is grouped into semantic categories, and the division between the natural and artifactual (or living and nonliving) domains is one of the most obvious and traditionally studied distinctions. There is evidence suggesting that this distinction is not only cognitive but also has a neurological basis. Data from studies of braindamaged patients suggest that the two domains are processed, at least partially, in different areas of the brain. For example, patients with lesions in the left frontal area present more problems with images of inanimate objects, whereas B R A I N R E S E A R C H 1 0 6 7 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 1 8 9 -2 0 0 ⁎ Corresponding author.

rEsUmEnEl presente trabajo parte de dos objetivos: el primero, identificar los tipos de violencia escolar más habituales en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Asturias (España), en opinión del alumnado; el segundo, analizar las posibles diferencias en función del género y del curso del alumnado en cuanto al nivel de violencia escolar percibido. Para ello, se aplicó el cuestionario CUVE3-ESO, durante el curso 2009/2010, a 2.597 estudiantes de 1.º a 4.º de ESO, pertenecientes a 18 centros educativos, que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un predominio de la disrupción en el aula y la violencia verbal entre estudiantes, así como diferencias en el nivel percibido de violencia en función de las dos variables analizadas (género y curso). El estudio ofrece una panorámica de la violencia escolar en los centros de Educación Secundaria de Asturias, que debe ser tenida en cuenta en la planificación de medidas para la convivencia escolar. PaLabras CLaVEEducación Secundaria, relaciones entre iguales, relación profesoradoalumnado, violencia.

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Resumen.Desde hace más de una década el equipo de investigación viene trabajando en el diseño y contrastación de una herramienta que permita valorar de manera rápida y sencilla, pero con garantías de fiabilidad y validez, la violencia escolar. Para ello se han elaborado diferentes cuestionarios que permiten evaluar tanto desde el punto de vista del alumnado como desde el punto de vista del profesorado la frecuencia de aparición de incidentes violentos protagonizados por los estudiantes o el profesorado. Se parte de un modelo teórico que considera que en el entorno educativo la violencia se manifiesta de diversas formas: violencia física, violencia verbal, exclusión social, disrupción en el aula, violencia a través de las TIC y violencia del profesorado hacia el alumnado.Palabras clave: evaluación, violencia escolar, alumnado, profesorado, Educación Primaria, Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos: a) Conocer en qué medida se utiliza el consenso de normas de aula en los centros de Educación Primaria asturianos, en comparación con otras estrategias para la prevención de la violencia escolar; y b) Estudiar hasta qué punto el consenso de normas de aula se relaciona con bajos niveles de violencia escolar, en comparación con la mera difusión de normas y sanciones. Para ello, fueron evaluados 1041 estudiantes de tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria, pertenecientes a 20 centros de Asturias, mediante el cuestionario