Erosion by an Acidic Soft Drink of Human Molar Teeth Assessed by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the eff ect of diff erent protective agents on the surface microhardness and morphology on enamel eroded by a cola drink. Sixty sound anterior teeth were randomly divided into fi ve groups. The baseline surface microhardness of the enamel was measured. For demineralization procedures, all teeth were immersed in cola for 8 minutes and surface microhardness was remeasured. The fi ve groups for remineralization procedures were defi ned as: Group 1: Artifi cial saliva, Group 2: 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride gel (APF), Group 3: 5% NaF varnish, Group 4: Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Group 5: Probiotic yogurt. After each experimental procedure, a third microhardness measurement was repeated. Surface morphological changes were observed using SEM. All data were recorded for each group and statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and one-way repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. All tests were performed at a signifi cance level of p < 0.05. No signifi cant diff erences for baseline microhardness values were found (P> 0.05). The mean surface microhardness in all groups decreased signifi cantly after immersion in cola (P< 0.05). After remineralization, NaF varnish and APF gel significantly increased the surface microhardness values. There were no signifi cant increases in the surface microhardness values of artifi cial saliva, CPP-ACP and probiotic yogurt. This study concludes that NaF varnish is more eff ective in re-hardening of eroded enamel.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Enamel Surface Morphology and Microhardness after the Application of Different Protective Agents

Şimşek

Derelioğlu

Büyük

et al. 2018

“…The soaked teeth were grouped into two; the lightly dissolved one and extremely heavily dissolved one on the basis of the macroscopical and microscopical features after the soaking experiment according to the preceding experiment 11) . Among the twenty human teeth samples examined in this study, two typical samples were explained in this study.…”

Section: Human Tooth Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Order Differentiation Analysis of Micro FTIR Method Revealed the Variable Erosion Characteristics of Carbonated Soft Drink for the Individual Human Teeth Enamel

Kôno

Watanabe

Kanno

et al. 2019

Self Cite

To clarify the chemical processes of dental caries in detail, and to clarify whether or not the caries processes are common through the whole part of various teeth, the micro-FTIR spectroscopic analysis was carried out using the human teeth sections soaking into a carbonated soft drink (Sprite ® ) for 1 and 7 days. After the twenty human teeth examined, the teeth were grouped into two; the lightly dissolved one and extremely heavily dissolved one on the basis of the macroscopical and microscopical features after the soaking experiment. In this study, one lightly dissolved sample (A) and one heavily dissolved sample (B) were picked up and described. The micro-FTIR spectroscopy showed the drastic changes in the P-O absorption bands of the outer layer enamel of both samples, while those of the inner layer enamel remained almost unalterably. This result indicated that the erosive processes mainly attacked the phosphate ion environments in the biological apatite crystal structure of tooth enamel. The second order differential curves of the micro-FTIR patterns firstly reported here showed the small but significant P-O band peak shifts among the all analyzing points except for 7 days of Sample B, suggesting the individual physicochemical characteristic of tooth enamel apatite. This study presented only two extreme cases, but clearly showed the variety of human tooth enamel characteristics among the individuals and parts of the tooth enamel. It was suggested that generally accepted caries protection methods might not be a common standard for every people and every teeth enamels.

“…Artificial caries production was performed using the carbonated soft drink Sprite ® (Coca-Cola [Japan] Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and the durations of control, 1 day, and 7 days were fixed, as suggested by previous studies 1,2) . Twenty human third molar teeth used in this study were extracted for clinical reasons and pooled in purified water.…”

Section: Humantooth Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From studies on human tooth enamel caries, it could be inferred that the appearances of native enamel caries and artificial carious lesions are determined by their diversities in original structural and physico-chemical properties 1,2) . Although the enamel crystallites revealed similarities to hydroxyapatite in electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD), our studies also revealed significant differences between the enamel mineral and pure hydroxyapatite [3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonated Soft Drink-Soaking Change the Crystallographic Properties of Human Tooth Enamel -A Micro-XRD Study

Kôno

Watanabe

Kanno

et al. 2019

Self Cite

To elucidate the crystallo-chemical reaction between the enamel and carbonated soft drink, a micro-X-ray diffraction analysis (micro-XRD) was conducted using the human tooth sections soaked in the drink (Sprite ®) for 1 and 7 days. In this study, 4 typically and heavily dissolved teeth were selected from 20 teeth, and the divergence of the crystallographic properties of the enamel was analyzed. All of the untreated human tooth enamels exhibited only the apatitic XRD patterns. We confirmed that the carbonated soft drink changed the macro-and microscopic morphological features of individual tooth enamel. The following 4 results were obtained from our study: i) the unit cell dimensions and crystallinity of the untreated enamel apatite varied between the layers and the individual teeth; ii) after the soaking experiment, the crystallographic properties of the enamels changed remarkably and displayed non-uniformity; iii) no relationship was discerned between the enamel's crystallographic properties and the sensitivity of the carious attack; and iv) the intermediate reaction product of soaking was uncovered; however, it was not identified at this time. The presence or absence of occurrence and variations in the amount of intermediate product reflected the complex chemical and crystallo-chemical reactions between the decalcification solution and the human tooth enamel crystallites. We clearly established that the untreated human tooth enamels differed in their crystallographic properties and did not react in the same manner, which resulted in varied apatitic structures after soaking. These results necessitate reconsideration of the generally accepted caries protection methods that are applied as common standards for all individuals and tooth enamels.