Ergodic Capacity Analysis of UAV-Based FSO Links Over Foggy Channels

Jung, Kug-Jin; Nam, Sung Sik; Alouini, Mohamed‐Slim; Ko, Young-Chai

doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3175805

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This optimization task aimed to maximize the operational duration of FSO-based backhaul networks, while adhering to energy and data rate limitations. Jung et al [106] investigated the capacity of UAV-based FSO links. They derived the PDFs to analyze the ergodic capacity of FSO links with both IM/DD and heterodyne detection.…”

Section: Physical Layer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Space Optical Communication: An Enabling Backhaul Technology for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks

Elamassie,

Uysal

2023

Photonics

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The deployment of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) is envisioned to achieve global coverage for 6G and beyond. In addition to space nodes, aerial NTN nodes such as high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) and rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could be deployed, based on the intended coverage and operational altitude requirements. NTN nodes have the potential to support both wireless access and backhauling. While the onboard base station provides wireless access for the end users, the backhauling link connects the airborne/space-borne base station to the core network. With its high data transmission capability comparable to fiber optics and its ability to operate in the interference-free optical spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication is ideally suited to backhauling requirements in NTNs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive tutorial on airborne FSO backhauling. We first delve into the fundamentals of FSO signal transmission and discuss aspects such as geometrical loss, atmospheric attenuation, turbulence-induced fading, and pointing errors, all of which are critical for determining received signal levels and related link budget calculations. Then, we discuss the requirements of airborne backhaul system architectures, based on use cases. While single-layer backhaul systems are sufficient for providing coverage in rural areas, multi-layer designs are typically required to establish connectivity in urban areas, where line of sight (LoS) links are harder to maintain. We review physical layer design principles for FSO-based airborne links, discussing both intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) and coherent modulation/coherent demodulation (CM/CD). Another critical design criteria for airborne backhauling is self-sustainability, which is further discussed in our paper. We conclude the paper by discussing current challenges and future research directions. In this context, we discuss reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and spatial division multiplexing (SDM), for improved performance and an extended transmission range. We emphasize the importance of advanced handover techniques and scalability issues for practical implementation. We also highlight the growing role of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) and their potential applications in the design and optimization of future FSO-based NTNs.

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Section: Physical Layer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Space Optical Communication: An Enabling Backhaul Technology for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks

Elamassie,

Uysal

2023

Photonics

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“…Therefore, it is more reasonable to adopt a slow-fading channel for UAV optical links in fog. Jung et al 30 considered the effect of random foggy channels and UAV pointing errors on the ergodic channel capacity of UAV optical communication. They did not consider the effect of turbulence on UAV optical communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint channel model for fog and atmospheric turbulence and performance analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles’ free-space optical communication

et al. 2023

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.To study the joint effects of turbulence and fog on free-space optical (FSO) communication, a joint fog-turbulence-pointing error probability model for FSO is derived based on the random fog channel, Malaga turbulence model, and pointing error model. The closed-form expressions for the average signal to noise ratio (SNR), outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), ergodic channel capacity, and moment generating function in FSO communication under intensity modulation/direct detection are derived based on the joint model. Based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) working scenario, applying these expressions, the performance analysis of the inter-UAVs optical wave communication is implemented under the conditions for different beam widths, turbulence intensity and fog density and the pointing error caused by position, orientation, and jitter deviations. The calculated results are in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations. The analytical results for the average BER and outage probability show that the increase in beam width can significantly degrade the BER and outage probability, for the UAVs optical communication link. The analysis for the ergodic channel capacity shows that it increases with the increase of average transmission power; however, it increases slowly with the increase of beam width. And the increase in turbulence intensity, fog density, and drone jitter will degrade the communication performance of the system. Our study lays an important theoretical foundation for the development of FSO communication and UAV communication performance improvement in joint fog and turbulent environment.

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Performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed RF/UWOC system with fog channel and turbulence based on diversity

Pei,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

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Ergodic Capacity Analysis of UAV-Based FSO Links Over Foggy Channels

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Free Space Optical Communication: An Enabling Backhaul Technology for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks

Free Space Optical Communication: An Enabling Backhaul Technology for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks

Joint channel model for fog and atmospheric turbulence and performance analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles’ free-space optical communication

Performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed RF/UWOC system with fog channel and turbulence based on diversity

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