ERG Oscillatory Potentials in Infants

Moskowitz, Anne; Hansen, Ronald M.; Fulton, Anne B.

doi:10.1007/s10633-005-1983-x

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the present study, OPs could not be recorded in some infants. This is consistent with the results of Westall et al [16] and Moskowitz et al [17], whose research showed that in early infancy, OPs were the most immature of the ERG responses, although the rate of development thereafter exceeded that of the other responses such that OPs amplitudes were within adult levels by 2 years of age. The amplitude ratio b/a derived from the combined response and had been used as an index of the relative maturation of outer and inner retinal elements [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of electroretinogram between healthy preterm and term infants

et al. 2010

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To investigate the retinal development in healthy preterm infants through standard ganzfeld electroretinograms (ERG) and compare the difference of ERG between the healthy preterm and term infants. Forty-nine 49 healthy infants were recruited to this study, including 20 preterm and 29 term infants. All the infants were grouped as follows: term 40 W group (ERG recorded at birth), term 44 W group (ERG recorded at 4 weeks after birth), preterm 35 W group (ERG recorded at birth) and preterm 40 W group (ERG recorded at due date). Standard ganzfeld flash ERG was performed according to the ISCEV standard for the clinical electroretinogram (2008). The ERG amplitudes in the term 44 W group were notably larger than those of the term 40 W group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for combined-b and cone-b responses. The implicit time of cone-b, combined-a and 30 Hz in term 44 W group was significantly shorter than that in term 40 W group, and there was no significant difference in other ERG responses between the two groups. Amplitude of ERG waves in preterm 35 W group was only 48.7-78.0% of that in term 40 W group, and the difference of all ERG waves between the two groups was statistically significant, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for implicit time of all responses except rod-b. There was no significant difference between the amplitude of ERG waves in term 40 W and preterm 40 W groups; however, implicit time of cone-a and cone-b in term 40 W is significantly longer than that in preterm 40 W group. The ERG amplitudes in the preterm 35 W group were notably smaller than those of the preterm 40 W group, and except cone-a response, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant, while the difference of the implicit time between the two groups was not significant. OPs could not be recorded in some infants. OPs were seen significantly less frequently in the preterm 35 W group than in either the term 40 W group (Fisher exact test, P = 0.006) or the term 44 W group (Fisher exact test, P = 0.02). No other significant inter-group frequency differences were found. The mean amplitude ratio b/a was not significantly different between the four groups (P > 0.05) (analysis of variance). The retina is not fully developed at birth in healthy preterm infants. The preterm ISCEV ERG matures rapidly after birth and by term reaches the degree of maturation found in term born neonates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of electroretinogram between healthy preterm and term infants

et al. 2010

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“…Thus, the BGL and readaptation properties of the neuronal adaptive system in terms of the OPs seem to be relatively more immature than those of the photoreceptor response as reflected in the awave. These findings correspond with previous reports that the OPs mature later than the photoreceptor response in rats as well as in humans (el Azazi & Wachtmeister 1990;Moskowitz et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although anatomically and physiologically different in several ways, the mixed rod/cone retina of the human and the rod-dominated rat retina show functional similarities of the inner retina (el Azazi & Wachtmeister 1990& Wachtmeister , 1991a& Wachtmeister ,b, 1993Moskowitz et al 2005;Akula et al 2007). At about 15 days of age, that is, after eye-opening, the ERG of the immature postnatal rat shows OPs of very low amplitudes as does the ERG of preterm infants (el Azazi & Wachtmeister 1990;Mactier et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the neuronal adaptive system to background illumination and readaptation to dark in the immature retina

Wang

Azazi

Eklund

et al. 2014

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Developmental characteristics of the neuronal adaptive system of the retina, focusing on background light (BGL) adaptation and readaptation functions, were studied by measuring the oscillatory response (SOP) of the electroretinogram (ERG). Methods: Digitally filtered and conventional ERGs were simultaneously recorded. Rats aged 15 and 17 days were studied during exposure to BGLs of two mesopic intensities and during readaptation to dark. Results: Results were compared to adult rats. In 'low mesopic' BGL SOP instantly dropped significantly to about half of its dark-adapted (DA) value contrary to mature rats, in which the SOP significantly increased. In 'high mesopic' BGL SOP decreased to about 20% and 30% of DA values in immature and adult rats, respectively. The process of recovery of SOP in darkness lacked the transient enhancement immediately as BGL was turned off, characteristic of adult rats. There were no major age differences in adaptive behaviour of a-wave. In young rats, recovery of b-wave was relatively slower. Conclusions: Properties of BGL adaptation and readaptation functions of the neuronal adaptive system in baby retina differed compared to the adult one by being less forceful and more restrained. Handling of mesopic illumination and recovery in the dark was immature. Development of these functions of the neuronal adaptive system progresses postnatally and lags behind that of the photoreceptor response and seems to be delayed also compared to that of the bipolar response.

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“…In typical children, light-adapted OPs mature unevenly; OP2 and OP5 mature before OP3 and OP4 [38,43]. The present data show smaller OP amplitudes in the children's eyes that reached significance for all except the early maturing OP2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Light-adapted electroretinograms in optic nerve hypoplasia

et al. 2009

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The purpose of the study is to characterise retinal function using light-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) in a series of young children with ONH, congenital dysplasia of retinal ganglion cells. ERGs were recorded with chloral hydrate sedation in 27 children with ONH (18 with bilateral and 9 with unilateral ONH, age 4-35 months) and an adult reference population (n = 12). Stimuli included ISCEV standard flash, oscillatory potentials (OPs) and standard flicker as well as a light-adapted luminance-response series (photopic hill). The disc diameter to disc macula (DD:DM) ratio was measured from fundus photographs. The results are eyes with ONH, classified by DD:DM, were severe (0.35, n = 9), all had prolonged ERG implicit times and smaller i-waves than those of adults. Eyes with moderate or severe ONH also had smaller amplitudes for OPs and flicker ERGs and required stronger flashes to obtain the peak b-wave amplitude. Abnormalities of the photopic hill were a common but inconsistent feature of ONH and were not indicative of ONH severity. Abnormalities of the photopic hill of the ERG suggest that some cases of ONH may have retinal dysfunction with specific deficits in the ON or OFF pathways of the retina. ONH is a complex and heterogeneous condition that may involve dysfunction distal to the retinal ganglion cells.

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ERG Oscillatory Potentials in Infants

Abstract: In young infants, the OPs are relatively immature compared to the photoreceptor responses, with the immaturity of the scotopic responses being more marked than that of the photopic responses.

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of electroretinogram between healthy preterm and term infants

Comparison of electroretinogram between healthy preterm and term infants

The response of the neuronal adaptive system to background illumination and readaptation to dark in the immature retina

Light-adapted electroretinograms in optic nerve hypoplasia

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