Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with wavelength selective filter based on non-linear photonic crystal fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Abstract

A high output power, stable wavelength spacing and switchable multi-wavelength erbiumdoped fiber laser has been demonstrated experimentally using a combination of non-linear photonic crystal fiber Mach-Zehnder (MZI) interferometer with polarization dependent loss effect. This MZI functions together with a polarization controller (PC) as a wave selecting filter (WSF). Adjusting the PC within the WSF part gives rise to three emissions as single, dual and triple wavelengths. Multi-wavelength laser with maximum spacing of 1.6 nm was achieved by controlling the polarization state in a ring cavity. Such stable wavelength spacing aroused interest in wavelength-division-multiplexer systems. Output power around −3 dB at 1550 nm wavelength, with small power fluctuation for each line, was recorded at room temperature. The measured 3-dB laser line-width was 0.03 nm, with a high side-mode suppression ratio of 48 dB.

Estimating concentration of toxic ions Arsenic in water by using Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

“…The PCFs -Mach Zehnder interferometer is an all-fiber device with enhanced thermal stability and effective optical sensing capabilities 23 . In-fiber free (PCF-MZI) applications are now mostly focused on optical sensing rather than communications, which is the fundamental goal of this effort 24,25 . This work involved the creation and implementation of a Mach-Zehnder mode interferometer for a solid core photonic crystal fiber of endlessly single mode (ESM-12) sensor using a sided polished structure that relies on SPR for the purpose of sensing variations in the refractive index for the toxic metal in ion (Arsenic).…”

Utilizing self-injection Rayleigh backscattering feedback for channel-selected erbium laser with single-longitudinal-mode output

“…Nevertheless, the EDF laser would also result in the unstable multi-mode oscillation due to the related factors of spatialhole-burning, homogeneous broadening features and longer fiber cavity [7,8]. To accomplish the occurrence of single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) function, applying the multiplefiber-ring configuration [9,10], saturable absorber (SA) [11], optical-injection feedback structure [12] and Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer scheme [13] have been demonstrated experimentally. Moreover, using Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) effect with SA [14] or high finesse fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot etalon [15,16] to achieve narrow linewidth output have also been reported.…”