Equivalent effects of acute tryptophan depletion on REM sleep in ecstasy users and controls

Carhart‐Harris, Robin; Nutt, David; Munafò, Marcus R; Christmas, David; Wilson, Sue

doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1595-3

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…It is well documented that during cases of acute tryptophan depletion, there is a significant decrease in plasma levels of melatonin [30] and those of urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulfate [31,32] . Thus, tryptophan deficiency is due to sleep disorders associated with a lack of melatonin [33,34] . Vitamin B6 is an interesting molecule involved in a wide range of physiological processes.…”

Section: E Use Of Tryptophan and Vitamin B6 As Elements For Increasimentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study between the use of Melatonin and A Solution with Melatonin, Tryptophan, and Vitamin B6 as an Inducer of Spontaneous Sleep in Children During an Auditory Response Test: An Alternative to Commonly Used Sedative Drugs

Volpe¹,

Lucia²,

Pirozzi³

et al. 2017

Int Adv Otol

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MATERIALS and METHODS:In total, 748 children aged between 12 and 48 months were included in the study and divided into three groups: A: placebo (n=235), B: melatonin (n=246), and C: melatonin, tryptophan, and vitamin B6 (n=267). RESULTS:In groups B and C, in addition to physiological awakening, we observed a significant reduction in the number of repeated analyses as well as drug regimen usage. CONCLUSION:This study confirms the strategic role of melatonin as an inducer of spontaneous sleep. However, above all, it suggests that the administration of a solution containing melatonin, tryptophan, and vitamin B6 significantly reduces the number of repeated ABR examinations as well as the percentage of repeated analysis performed using sedative drugs compared to both the control group and the melatonin-only group.

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Section: E Use Of Tryptophan and Vitamin B6 As Elements For Increasimentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study between the use of Melatonin and A Solution with Melatonin, Tryptophan, and Vitamin B6 as an Inducer of Spontaneous Sleep in Children During an Auditory Response Test: An Alternative to Commonly Used Sedative Drugs

Volpe¹,

Lucia²,

Pirozzi³

et al. 2017

Int Adv Otol

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“…55,56 This may contribute to the effects of ATD on sleep. 12,57 Presumably ATD also lowers the already low levels of melatonin in the daytime, but this is unlikely to be of functional significance.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects

Young

2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…Serotonergic compounds (such as SSRIs) increase time until onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (increased REM latency). Decreasing serotonin availability, by ATD, has the opposite effect, decreased REM latency 88–90. Alterations in REM latency have been utilized by our group to detect differences in physiological potency between different SSRIs,91 proving this technique’s sensitivity to alterations in central 5HT functioning.…”

Section: Tryptophan Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Christmas

Potokar²,

Davies³

2011

NDT

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This article highlights the evidence linking depression to increased inflammatory drive and explores putative mechanisms for the association by reviewing both preclinical and clinical literature. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and may form a link between immune functioning and altered neurotransmission, which results in depression. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity may cause both tryptophan depletion and increased neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, two alterations which have been hypothesized to cause depression. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is comprehensively described with a focus on the evidence linking metabolite alterations to depression. The use of immune-activated groups at high risk of depression have been used to explore these hypotheses; we focus on the studies involving chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon-alpha, an immune activating cytokine. Findings from this work have led to novel strategies for the future development of antidepressants including inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, moderating the cytokines which activate it, or addressing other targets in the kynurenine pathway.

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Equivalent effects of acute tryptophan depletion on REM sleep in ecstasy users and controls

Abstract: These findings imply that the ecstasy users had not suffered significant serotonergic damage as indexed by sleep.

Cited by 11 publications

References 87 publications

Comparative Study between the use of Melatonin and A Solution with Melatonin, Tryptophan, and Vitamin B6 as an Inducer of Spontaneous Sleep in Children During an Auditory Response Test: An Alternative to Commonly Used Sedative Drugs

Comparative Study between the use of Melatonin and A Solution with Melatonin, Tryptophan, and Vitamin B6 as an Inducer of Spontaneous Sleep in Children During an Auditory Response Test: An Alternative to Commonly Used Sedative Drugs

Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects

A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

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