Equine intervertebral disk disease: A case report

Speltz, Molly C.; Olson, Erik J.; Hunt, Luanne; Pool, Roy R.; Wilson, Joseph N.; Carlson, Cathy S.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2006.07.007

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…; Speltz et al . ), the disc in the case presented here was pristine, suggesting other possibilities for the origin of the cartilaginous material. Another possible source of the embolism is the vertebral growth plate cartilage, a location that has been proposed in young dogs (De Risio and Platt ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Additionally, the equine disc is fibrocartilagenous centrally becoming more fibrous peripherally without a distinct demarcation between the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus (Yovich et al 1985). Although equine intervertebral disc disease has been described in the literature (Furr et al 1991;Speltz et al 2006), the disc in the case presented here was pristine, suggesting other possibilities for the origin of the cartilaginous material. Another possible source of the embolism is the vertebral growth plate cartilage, a location that has been proposed in young dogs (De Risio and Platt 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Compressive myelopathy caused by epidural haematoma associated with fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

Dörner

Uzal²,

Carvallo³

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Compressive myelopathy caused by an epidural haematoma associated with fibrocartilage embolism was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old Hanoverian gelding. The patient showed severe ataxia with no improvement following medical therapy and a poor prognosis after myelography. An epidural mass located dorsal to the intervertebral disc between C4 and C5 was compressing the spinal cord dorsally to approximately onethird of its normal height. The epidural tissue was characterised histologically as an organised thrombus, and its major components were fibrin and macrophages with intracytoplasmic brown, iron-rich granules. Positive Alcian blue stain confirmed the presence of cartilage within the thrombus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Compressive myelopathy caused by epidural haematoma associated with fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

Dörner

Uzal²,

Carvallo³

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…The equine cervical spine is the foremost place for spinal trauma, as well as degenerative and developmental processes (Speltz et al . 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equine cervical spine is the foremost place for spinal trauma, as well as degenerative and developmental processes (Speltz et al 2006). Traumatic fractures not due to known external forces such as kicks have been described in several foals and horses at the level of C3-C4 and C4-C5 (Mayhew 2009;Muno et al 2009;Withers et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary modelling study on the equine cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk

Zsoldos

Groesel

Kotschwar

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReason for performing study: The motion of the atlantooccipital, cervical vertebral and cervicothoracic joints play an important role in equestrian sports and they are also common sites for lesions limiting performance in horses. Objectives: To calculate inverse kinematics based on cervical vertebral motion and to develop a model close to the measured neck movements. Materials and methods: Measurements were recorded in 6 horses without neck pain. Reflective markers were placed on both cristae facialis, both sides of cervical vertebra 1, 3 and 6 on the withers and hooves. The neck model was reconstructed from CT scans of the osseus structures and was developed in SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modelling). Inverse kinematics calculation was done in OpenSim. Three degrees of freedom: Flexion-extension (FE), axial rotation (AR) and lateral bending (LB) were considered. The simulated motion was generated from the recorded motion of the skin markers. The differences in angular range of motion (ROM) of the joints were analysed using paired sample t tests. Results: From the model, the smallest FE ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2°Ϯ 1°) and the largest was in the C3-C4 joint (11°Ϯ 5°). The smallest AR ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2°Ϯ 1°) and largest AR ROM was in the atlantoaxial joint (7°Ϯ 2°). The smallest LB ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2°Ϯ 1°) and the largest LB ROM was in the cervicothoracic joint (18°Ϯ 5°). There were significant differences between the ROM of joints in 51 of 168 comparisons (P<0.05). Conclusions:The result of the motion of each joint gives an insight into the biomechanics of the equine neck. The small FE ROM at C5-C6 illustrates the pathogenetical relevance of the model for the development of osteoarthritis. The calculated data also provides a source for inverse dynamics.evj_265 516..522

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“…; Speltz et al . ) and one case report exists of thoracic intervertebral disc disease in a donkey (Drouard et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion in a horse using ultrasonographic evaluation and computed tomography

Krueger

Gold²,

Barrett

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging modalities, treatment and post mortem evaluation of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion in a mature Quarter Horse gelding 10 days after initial signs were noted. Grade 3 hindlimb ataxia, conscious proprioceptive deficits, urinary and faecal incontinence were present, which did not improve with anti‐inflammatories, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroids, antioxidant therapy, cold‐laser therapy or electroacupuncture. Imaging modalities utilised ante mortem were computed radiography, transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography. Transrectal ultrasonography yielded findings highly suggestive of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion and due to the lack of improvement and a poor prognosis, the horse was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem computed tomography, necropsy and histopathological evaluation confirmed lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion into the spinal canal with subsequent impingement of the spinal nerve roots. Lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion as a clinical disease in the horse has not been previously described and should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases with acute hindlimb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, and urinary and faecal incontinence.

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Equine intervertebral disk disease: A case report

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Compressive myelopathy caused by epidural haematoma associated with fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

Compressive myelopathy caused by epidural haematoma associated with fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

A preliminary modelling study on the equine cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk

Diagnosis of lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion in a horse using ultrasonographic evaluation and computed tomography

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