Equine infectious anemia prevalence in feral donkeys from Northeast Brazil

Oliveira, Fernanda Gonçalves de; Cook, R. Frank; Naves, J. H. F. F.; Oliveira, Cairo Henrique Sousa de; Diniz, Rejane Silva; Freitas, Francisco Joelson Correa; Lima, Joseney Maia de; Sakamoto, Sidnei Miyoshi; Leite, Rômulo Cerqueira; Issel, Charles J.; Reis, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.015

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to the environmental needs of these vectors, EIA is more prevalent in warm and wet landscapes (Issel and Foil, 1984; Silva et al, 1999; Barros and Foil, 2007; Parr et al, 2014), but owing to a globalized animal trade and fast global warming, it has spread extensively through the globe in the last decades (Lima and Cintra, 2015). In the United States alone, the economic impact of EIA has been estimated to be US $38 million, which may be much bigger in countries with higher horse-related industry, such as Brazil (Diniz et al, 2017), known to have the largest population of equids in Latin America (Oliveira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

Jara

Frias-De-Diego

Machado

2019

Preprint

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ABSTRACTEquine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) is the causative agent of one of the most impacting infectious diseases affecting equids. EIAV is genetically diverse with several lineages circulating globally. To elucidate EIAV global spread patterns, we studied its spatiotemporal dynamics applying Bayesian phylodynamic analyses, using a worldwide compiled dataset composed of unique sequences of the gag gene. In addition, we performed a scoping review of 1.470 publications on EIAV to characterize the spatiotemporal trends in EAIV research. Phylogeographic reconstruction suggested Hungary as the most likely country of origin for current EIAV circulation (root state posterior probability = 0.21), and one of the most important centers of diversification for the disease. Historical EIAV spread was predominantly characterized by long-distance spread across continents. As a result, we found that the American and Asian circulating EIAV (i.e., Mongolia) are more related to European lineages than to other Asian countries, being Europe the continent with the highest EIAV phylogenetic diversity. Our bibliometric analysis showed a continuous increment in the number of publications per year, where the United States and China appeared as the countries with highest EIAV-related scientific production. This study provides a historical geographic mapping of the EIAV linages’ spread patterns. In addition, we identified important asymmetry between the current research effort and the availability of genetic data which restricted our abilities to quantify for example the time frame of virus dispersal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

Jara

Frias-De-Diego

Machado

2019

Preprint

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“…In some areas, feral and free-roaming donkeys are able to live natural lives; they live in self-defined groups, are able to freely express their natural behaviour and adapt to local ecological conditions [58,59]. However, in other areas, they may be seen as 'pests', 'invasive species' or 'vermin' and are subject to aggressive measures for population control or eradication [53,[60][61][62]. In both contexts, feral donkeys can suffer from significant welfare problems [59] but the assessment of welfare in these contexts is lacking.…”

Section: (D) Feral Equidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equid Assessment, Research and Scoping (EARS): The Development and Implementation of a New Equid Welfare Assessment and Monitoring Tool

Raw¹,

Rodrigues²,

Rickards³

et al. 2020

Animals

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The assessment of animal welfare poses numerous challenges, yet an emerging approach is the consolidation of existing knowledge into new frameworks which can offer standardised approaches to welfare assessment across a variety of contexts. Multiple tools exist for measuring the welfare of equids, but such tools have typically been developed for specific contexts. There is no ‘one size fits all’ which means that resulting datasets are generally non-comparable, creating a barrier to knowledge-sharing and collaboration between the many organisations working to improve equid welfare around the globe. To address this, we developed the Equid Assessment, Research and Scoping (EARS) tool, which incorporates pre-existing validated welfare assessment methods alongside new welfare indicators to deliver a larger and more comprehensive series of welfare indicators than currently exists, creating a single resource that can be used to assess equid welfare in any context. We field-trialled three welfare assessment protocols within the EARS tool, and applied these to welfare assessment of equids in a variety of contexts across nineteen countries. The EARS tool proved a useful, versatile and rapid method for collecting welfare assessment data and we collected 7464 welfare assessments in a period of fifteen months. We evaluate the EARS tool and provide ideas for future development.

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“…Infeksi virus EIA lebih banyak menyerang bangsa kuda dari famili Equidae, terutama kuda, bagal (mules) dan keledai (Allen & Schwartz 2015). Peningkatan populasi kuda atau keledai menimbulkan risiko terhadap penularan penyakit kuda seperti EIA, Glanders atau Equine viral arthritis dan dapat bertindak sebagai reservoir penyakit (Oliveira et al 2017).…”

Section: Gejala Klinisunclassified

“…Diagnosis penyakit EIA dapat dilakukan dengan mengamati gejala klinis, pemeriksaan serologis, patologis, virologis dan mengamati epidemiologi penyakit (Alvarez et al 2015). Pemeriksaan serologi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji AGID (Borges et al 2013;Gao et al 2013;Oliveira et al 2017), ELISA or Imunoblot (Oliveira et al 2017). Hasil uji terhadap EIA terutama secara serologis, hanya digunakan untuk mendapatkan surat keterangan bahwa kuda tersebut dapat dijual, diekspor, dapat berpergian ke daerah lain atau negara lain terutama untuk pertandingan, ijin untuk mengikuti pameran atau pertandingan berkuda atau penentuan daerah bebas penyakit EIA untuk pelaksanaan pertandingan berkuda.…”

Section: Diagnosisunclassified

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Anticipation of the entry and spread of Equine Infectious Anemia in Horses in Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Horse is an attractive commodity in the world of horse matches, both for horse racing and equistrian. Recently, Asian countries including Indonesia have conducted international horse races. Horse traffic from several countries is unavoidable. This movement can lead to the entry of new diseases or the transmission of imported horses from local horses. At present, data on horse disease in Indonesia has not been widely reported, including Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). This paper discusses EIA disease in horses about the etiology, characterization, spread of disease, its status in Indonesia and its treatment. EIA is a chronic disease characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia. One of the factors that spread EIA infection, namely through traffic or horse movements. The highest risk factors for the spread of EIA disease are in the equestrian sector, followed by horse as a hobby, horse show or fattening horses for consumption. Wet environmental factors have higher risk to infection than dry areas. Applying the proper quarantine system, monitoring horse disease through surveillance, and implementing biosecurity at farms, location of events and at veterinary clinics, need to be done so that the entry of EIA disease can be anticipated as early as possible. This paper is expected to be useful and can be used as input for policy makers in the horse imports and movement.

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Equine infectious anemia prevalence in feral donkeys from Northeast Brazil

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

Equid Assessment, Research and Scoping (EARS): The Development and Implementation of a New Equid Welfare Assessment and Monitoring Tool

Anticipation of the entry and spread of Equine Infectious Anemia in Horses in Indonesia

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