Equine Herpesvirus-I Infection in Horses: Recent Updates on its Pathogenicity, Vaccination, and Preventive Management Strategies

Khusro, Ameer; Aarti, Chirom; Rivas-Cáceres, Raymundo Rene; Pliego, Alberto Barbabosa

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102923

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite being highly contagious in horses, and in contrast to C. psittaci , EHV-1 does not pose a risk to humans [ 1 , 8 ]. Nonetheless, EHV-1 is endemic to Australia and is one of the most economically important and prevalent pathogens of horses, posing a major global threat to the equine (Thoroughbred) industry worldwide [ 8 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time fluorometric and end-point colorimetric isothermal assays for detection of equine pathogens C. psittaci and equine herpes virus 1: validation, comparison and application at the point of care

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background C. psittaci has recently emerged as an equine abortigenic pathogen causing significant losses to the Australian Thoroughbred industry, while Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a well-recognized abortigenic agent. Diagnosis of these agents is based on molecular assays in diagnostic laboratories. In this study, we validated C. psittaci and newly developed EHV-1 Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assays performed in a real-time fluorometer (rtLAMP) against the reference diagnostic assays. We also evaluated isothermal amplification using commercially available colorimetric mix (cLAMP), and SYBR Green DNA binding dye (sgLAMP) for “naked eye” end-point detection when testing ‘real-world’ clinical samples. Finally, we applied the C. psittaci LAMP assays in two pilot Point-of-Care (POC) studies in an equine hospital. Results The analytical sensitivity of C. psittaci and EHV-1 rt-, and colorimetric LAMPs was determined as one and 10 genome equivalents per reaction, respectively. Compared to reference diagnostic qPCR assays, the C. psittaci rtLAMP showed sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97.5, and 98.86% agreement, while EHV-1 rtLAMP showed 86.96% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 91.43% agreement. When testing rapidly processed clinical samples, all three C. psittaci rt-, c-, sg-LAMP assays were highly congruent with each other, with Kappa values of 0. 906 for sgLAMP and 0. 821 for cLAMP when compared to rtLAMP. EHV-1 testing also revealed high congruence between the assays, with Kappa values of 0.784 for cLAMP and 0.638 for sgLAMP when compared to rtLAMP. The congruence between LAMP assays and the C. psittaci or EHV-1 qPCR assays was high, with agreements ranging from 94.12 to 100% for C. psittaci, and 88.24 to 94.12% for EHV-1, respectively. At the POC, the C. psittaci rt- and c-LAMP assays using rapidly processed swabs were performed by technicians with no prior molecular experience, and the overall congruence between the POC C. psittaci LAMPs and the qPCR assays ranged between 90.91–100%. Conclusions This study describes reliable POC options for the detection of the equine pathogens: C. psittaci and EHV-1. Testing ‘real-world’ samples in equine clinical setting, represents a proof-of-concept that POC isothermal diagnostics can be applied to rapid disease screening in the equine industry.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time fluorometric and end-point colorimetric isothermal assays for detection of equine pathogens C. psittaci and equine herpes virus 1: validation, comparison and application at the point of care

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The equine viruses most commonly associated with respiratory disease are EHV-1, EHV-4, and equine influenza [ 5 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The six foals with fatal interstitial pneumonia analyzed here tested negative for equid influenza viral RNA, and EHV-1 and EHV-4 DNA, and no significant bacteria were isolated ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last century, numerous equine viruses have been isolated and described [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] including equid alphaherpesviruses one and four (EHV-1 and EHV-4), associated with respiratory and neurological disease [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. There are multiple reports of sporadic acute interstitial pneumonia in foals of undetermined etiology [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia

Altan

Hui

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Six foals with interstitial pneumonia of undetermined etiology from Southern California were analyzed by viral metagenomics. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples obtained during necropsy from each animal were pooled, and nucleic acids from virus-like particles enriched for deep sequencing. The recently described equine copiparvovirus named eqcopivirus, as well as three previously uncharacterized viruses, were identified. The complete ORFs genomes of two closely related protoparvoviruses, and of a bocaparvovirus, plus the partial genome of a picornavirus were assembled. The parvoviruses were classified as members of new ungulate protoparvovirus and bocaparvovirus species in the Parvoviridae family. The picornavirus was classified as a new species in the Salivirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples from each foal were then tested for these viral genomes by nested PCR and RT-PCR. When present, parvoviruses were detected in both feces and spleen. The picornavirus, protoparvovirus, and eqcopivirus genomes were detected in the lungs of one animal each. Three foals were co-infected with the picornavirus and either a protoparvovirus, bocaparvovirus, or eqcopivirus. Two other foals were infected with a protoparvovirus only. No viral infection was detected in one animal. The complete ORFs of the first equine protoparvoviruses and bocaparvovirus, the partial ORF of the third equine picornavirus, and their detection in tissues of foals with interstitial pneumonia are described here. Testing the involvement of these viruses in fatal interstitial pneumonia or other equine diseases will require larger epidemiological and/or inoculation studies.

show abstract

“…The nucleic acid may be single-or double-stranded. Viruses are causative agents of several deadly diseases including Zika virus disease, Ebola virus disease, Influenza virus disease, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, Hendra virus disease, and coronavirus disease [66][67][68].…”

Section: Antiviral Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimycobacterium, anticancer, and antiviral properties of probiotics: An overview

Aarti¹,

Martina

Khusro³

2020

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equine Herpesvirus-I Infection in Horses: Recent Updates on its Pathogenicity, Vaccination, and Preventive Management Strategies

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Real-time fluorometric and end-point colorimetric isothermal assays for detection of equine pathogens C. psittaci and equine herpes virus 1: validation, comparison and application at the point of care

Real-time fluorometric and end-point colorimetric isothermal assays for detection of equine pathogens C. psittaci and equine herpes virus 1: validation, comparison and application at the point of care

New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia

Antimycobacterium, anticancer, and antiviral properties of probiotics: An overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About