Equine Gastric Ulcerative Syndrome in a population of horses at Antioquia: Frequency and risk factors

Zuluaga, Angélica M; Ramı́rez, Nicolás; Martı́nez, Jorge

doi:10.17533/udea.rccp.v31n2a07

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The existing information is extrapolated from horses and donkeys with slight adjustments to account for the particularities of mules and management schemes, and the type of activities to which they are subjected. The frequency of MGUS found in this study was within the range reported for horses in various studies (37%–100%) 3,10–15 . However, while the overall frequency of MGUS was expected to be higher than that shown for horses and donkeys in previous studies because of the extreme work load of mules, it was interesting to note that this frequency was lower than the 69% reported in Colombian Creole Horses in a previous study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…However, while the overall frequency of MGUS was expected to be higher than that shown for horses and donkeys in previous studies because of the extreme work load of mules, it was interesting to note that this frequency was lower than the 69% reported in Colombian Creole Horses in a previous study. These animals lived in a similar geographic region but were subjected to a lower work load and different management systems 15 . For donkeys, a frequency of 100% has been reported in Colombia, 9 but lower frequencies of 14% and 42% have also been described in reports in other continents 16,17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia

Calixto‐Vega,

Martínez‐Aranzales

2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundThe existing literature does not contain information about the prevalence of gastric ulcers in mules, and on the potential associations between the presence of ulcers and work load, work type, diet, sex, age and body condition score (BCS).ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and factors associated with mule gastric ulcer syndrome (MGUS) and evaluate its distribution in both mule squamous gastric disease (MSGD) and mule glandular gastric disease (MGGD) mucosa in a population of mules in Colombia.Study designObservational, cross‐sectional.MethodsA total of 97 clinically healthy mules of different ages and locations in the province of Antioquia (Colombia) were included in this study. The mules were involved in agricultural activities (i.e., riding, pack and ranch mules) at the time of the study. The animals underwent gastroscopic evaluation, and ulcer scores from 0 to 4 were assigned based on severity, with scores ≥2 indicating clinical relevance. The presence or absence of ulcer in the squamous and/or glandular region of the stomach was recorded. Data related to work type, work load and diet, as well as sex, age and BCS were recorded for each mule. Pearson's chi‐square test was used to determine the association between the outcomes and explanatory variables of the study (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the risk estimations were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe frequency of MGUS in the study population was 42%. Most of the lesions were located in the squamous region of the stomach (27%), mainly in the margo plicatus, and 20% were located in the glandular region, mainly in the fundus and pyloric antrum. Six animals showed lesions in both squamous and glandular regions. Work load was the only variable associated with the presence of MGUS (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.49–0.96) and MSGD (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.36–0.67). Nevertheless, the findings did not provide any significant risk assessment result, nor did they reveal any significant interactions among the other variables.Main limitationsThis study used convenience sampling from a limited geographic region, and multivariate analysis was not performed, one of the exclusion criteria was the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, which means that the effect of these drugs can no longer be evaluated.ConclusionsMGUS occurs in mules subjected to agricultural work, the risk factors associated with EGUS do not appear to be significant in mules and other equids subjected to the same conditions, in this region. Further research is needed to define the differential dynamics of MGUS in comparison with the findings in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia

Calixto‐Vega,

Martínez‐Aranzales

2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…A small amount of evidence finds ponies at a reduced risk of EGUS when ESGD and EGGD are not differentiated [ 37 ]. There is conflicting evidence of the effect of sex on EGUS, with many studies finding geldings to be at higher risk than mares [ 8 , 9 , 22 , 30 , 34 , 38 ] meanwhile others finding no effect [ 12 , 13 , 29 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Within the adult population, age does not appear to be a significant risk factor for either ESGD or EGGD when other factors, such as exercise, are accounted for [ 8 , 18 , 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: An Update on Current Knowledge

Vokes

Lovett

Sykes

2023

Animals

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Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a term that has been used since 1999, initially being used to describe all gastric mucosal disease in horses. Since this time, the identification of two distinct main disease entities of the equine gastric mucosa have been described under the umbrella of EGUS; these are Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). In 2015 the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) released a consensus statement defining these disease entities. This document highlighted the lack of evidence surrounding EGGD compared to ESGD, and identified knowledge gaps for further research to be directed. Subsequently, many studies on EGGD have been published, especially on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. This article updates current knowledge on both ESGD and EGGD as understanding has evolved since the last large-scale review.

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“…Un diagnóstico más certero sería la endoscopia, ya que esta permite identificar y confirmar dentro del estómago la presencia de la úlcera; además, permite definir en qué parte de la mucosa estaría ubicada. La endoscopia temprana realizada dentro de las 24 horas proporciona información pronóstica basada en estigmas endoscópicos y terapia efectiva (18,19,20). En caso de úlceras hemorrágicas, la endoscopia es un buen método de diagnóstico, ya que podría decir de qué parte del estómago proviene el sangrado, junto con exámenes de laboratorio como los hemogramas, que indicarían la pérdida de sangre que se está teniendo (20).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A medida que se va pasando el endoscopio se puede ir revisando que el esófago no tenga ninguna lesión a causa de la úlcera, pues los reflujos gástricos ocasionados por esta pueden haber generado lesiones en la pared del esófago. Posteriormente, se llega al estómago, en donde se va a analizar de manera más detallada la mucosa para ver el número de úlceras, su tamaño y el daño que han ocasionado (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fístula cutánea secundaria a úlcera de abomaso de una cabra

Rojas

Sanmiguel

2020

Rev. Med. Vet.

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Las úlceras abomasales son raras y poco conocidas en los pequeños rumiantes y en los rumiantes, en general. Estas llegan a presentarse por diferentes causas como lo son: la dieta, el estrés, la alteración de los mecanismos protectores de la mucosa gástrica, entre otros. En este artículo, se presenta el caso de un caprino hembra raza criolla de aproximadamente diecisiete años, que presentaba una lesión en la región ventral del abdomen, entre la cicatriz del ombligo y el cartílago xifoides, y, adicionalmente, tenía una enfermedad articular. Como método de diagnóstico se realizaron exámenes paraclínicos como: cuadro hemático, coprológico y toma de rayos x, en donde se determinó el diagnóstico final que fue una úlcera abomasal grado 3 y una enfermedad articular degenerativa. El tratamiento se realizó con penicilina sódica (22 000 UI/kg durante cinco días cada doce horas), gentamicina (6 mg/kg durante tres días cada 24 horas), cuatro aplicaciones de complejo B (2 ml cada 48 horas), omeprazol (10 mg/kg cada doce horas por quince días) y lavados diarios de la herida con solución salina durante quince días. El animal fue dado de alta a los veinte días con cierre total de la herida

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Equine Gastric Ulcerative Syndrome in a population of horses at Antioquia: Frequency and risk factors

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia

Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: An Update on Current Knowledge

Fístula cutánea secundaria a úlcera de abomaso de una cabra

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