Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993‐2017)

Knickelbein, Kelly E.; Luethy, Daniela; Thomasy, Sara M; Reilly, Christopher M.; Strom, Ann R.; Lassaline, Mary

doi:10.1111/vop.12621

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In only one study did this pattern not hold (Perez Olmos et al ). A similar distribution is reported for eosinophilic keratitis, with the greatest clustering in summer months (Lassaline‐Utter et al ; Gonzalez‐Medina 2019; Knickelbein et al ). In a MEED series, cases occurred in April and October (Nimmo Wilkie et al ).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…No breed predilection is noted in EDCI of the small intestine (Archer et al ) or small colon (de Bont et al, ). Warmbloods were overrepresented in one EK series (Knickelbein et al ), but others show no breed predisposition (Lassaline‐Utter et al ). Standardbreds and Quarter Horses are overrepresented among MEED cases (Lindberg et al ; Sweeney et al ; Schumacher et al ; Bosseler et al ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes cases previously reported as idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis (IFEE), diffuse eosinophilic enteritis (DEE) and segmental eosinophilic colitis (SEC). Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (KE) has been reported in the literature since the early 1990s (Knickelbein et al ), and is considered an emerging disease (Gonzalez‐Medina 2019). Periodic reports of MEED have appeared in the literature since the first published case in 1982 (Pucheu‐Haston and Del Piero ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large colon lesions do not follow this pattern (Edwards et al ; de Bont et al, ). In one series of EK cases, all affected horses were aged 5 years and under (Yamagata et al ) but two others showed no age predisposition (Lassaline‐Utter et al ; Knickelbein et al ). Nearly two‐thirds of individual MEED cases reported in the literature are in horses aged 5 years and under (Bosseler et al ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Brosnahan

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Interpretation of eosinophilia in body fluids or tissues is often not straightforward. Eosinophil counts vary among clinically healthy individuals, and considerable overlap can occur between normal and affected animals in conditions such as allergic airway disease. Parasite exposure is a confounding factor when counts are increased, and in cases where very high counts and dramatic clinical signs make another disease process obvious, the underlying pathology may be uncertain and treatment difficult. Eosinophils are a component of the immune response in many diseases of the horse, but their specific role is often unknown and likely multifactorial. In helminth infections, eosinophils are assumed to be part of the normal host response to a pathogen, whereas in multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), the predominance of eosinophils likely represents a wildly dysregulated response, or an abnormal response altogether. This distinction is still not clear for other diseases. Understanding the pathways involved in recruitment, activation or suppression of eosinophils is required for more accurate diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and successful strategies for prevention of eosinophil associated diseases. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II reviews published observations on the eosinophil in clinical diseases of the horse. The behaviour of eosinophils in three common and relatively wellstudied conditions is presented first, including gastrointestinal helminth infections, non-infectious respiratory disease, and insect bite hypersensitivity. The less common eosinophilassociated diseases such as eosinophilic disease confined to the intestine (EDCI) and MEED are considered, followed by a brief summary of the eosinophil in phycomycosis and neoplasia. In conclusion, a panoramic view of the equine eosinophil as presented in Parts I and II is placed in the larger context of current eosinophil research, and areas of study are identified that may improve our understanding of eosinophil biology in equine health and clinical disease. Gastrointestinal parasites of the horse Gastrointestinal helminths are a widespread and well-studied problem in the horse. Clinical disease is associated historically with migratory large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus, S. equinus), small strongyles (cyathostomes), tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) and, in foals, ascarids (Parascarus equorum). Early studies sought to define parasite life cycles, but post-infection necropsies also described the eosinophilic response (Duncan and Pirie 1975). Host immunity and anthelmintics were the focus of later works (Bailey et al. 1989; Steuer et al. 2018). Variables exist across studies, including dosing variations, natural versus experimental

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supporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Brosnahan

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…While this brings relief to many, it comes with significant side effects in all species. Disease is refractory to corticosteroid therapy in some humans with HES and other EADs (Curtis & Ogbogu, 2016), and topical corticosteroid treatment has been associated with longer time to resolution in one group of horses with eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (Knickelbein et al., 2019). Few of the horses with MEED reported in the literature had survived to the time of publication even with steroid treatment (Carmalt, 2004; Gibson & Alders, 1987; McCue et al., 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%