Diseases of the Equine Cornea

Brooks, Dennis; Plummer, Caryn E.

doi:10.1002/9781119782285.ch5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Some have suggested that these changes can resolve spontaneously, provided the underlying pathology is resolved (Barnett et al., 2004), and that prognosis for vision is good if blood accumulation amounts to less than half the anterior chamber (Brooks & Wolf, 1983). However, in some cases, extensive hyphaema due to blunt trauma may result in glaucoma, which is associated with a poor prognosis (Brooks & Plummer, 2022). Other complications include anterior and posterior synechiae and cataract formation (Brooks & Wolf, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse

Pereira,

Bowen,

Rapezzano

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundRecombinant intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) administration can aid clearance of fibrin from the anterior chamber.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective multicentre case series, the effect of intracameral rTPA administration to treat fibrin in the anterior chamber resulting from trauma or inflammatory ocular disease was evaluated. Clinical data from 30 treatments in 29 horses were obtained from medical records from 2003 to 2022. Association between time from onset of clinical signs and time for rTPA treatment to effect was studied with regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven horses (93.1%) had no previous history of ophthalmic disease; one had an iridic cyst, and another had equine recurrent uveitis. The majority of cases were related to trauma (79.3%). Median time from the onset of clinical signs to treatment was 12 h (IQR = 4–48 h). rTPA (72% 20 µg; 24% 25 µg; 3.3% 40 µg) was administered once in all but one eye, which was treated twice. Resolution of fibrin was seen in 96.9% (29/30) of treatments. Fibrin accumulation recurred in one case but resolved 14 days after the second treatment. Complications were seen in four treatments (13.3%): moderate pain for 24 h, intracameral debris and mild intracameral haemorrhage in a horse that received 40 µg of tissue plasminogen activator. Recurrence of fibrin accumulation was absent in 96.7% of cases. Median time to effect was 20 min (IQR = 10–45 min). Time for rTPA treatment to effect was not associated with time from fibrin formation (R2 = 0.09; p = 0.11).ConclusionIntracameral rTPA treatment can be considered at 20–25 µg in 0.1 mL solution to aid resolution of fibrin accumulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some cases, extensive hyphaema due to blunt trauma may result in glaucoma, which is associated with a poor prognosis (Brooks & Plummer, 2022). Other complications include anterior and posterior synechiae and cataract formation (Brooks & Wolf, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse

Pereira,

Bowen,

Rapezzano

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…1 Horses with infectious ulcerative keratitis and stromal abscesses, for example, present frequently to veterinarians for intensive therapy to prevent vision and globe loss. [1][2][3][4] Infectious ulcerative keratitis and stromal abscesses in horses are most commonly treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapies. 1,4,5 Surgical intervention is typically warranted when there is disease…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Infectious ulcerative keratitis and stromal abscesses in horses are most commonly treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapies. 1,4,5 Surgical intervention is typically warranted when there is disease…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…progression despite medical treatment or when the lesion is deep and threatening perforation. 1,4 However, because of disease-related corneal opacity, it may be difficult to accurately determine the depth of the lesion and the severity of inflammation in the cornea and inside of the eye, both of which may be important parameters to determine the extent and progression of the disease and if surgical intervention is indicated. 6,7 Advanced imaging of the cornea and anterior segment of the eye in horses may provide additional information to assist in treatment decisions, beyond what is provided by ocular examination alone.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging parameters associated with outcome in equine infectious ulcerative keratitis and stromal abscesses

Collins,

Barr,

Westermeyer

et al. 2024

javma

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OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive value of corneal ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings for the outcome of equine corneal disease. ANIMALS 46 horses with a clinical diagnosis of either infectious ulcerative keratitis or stromal abscess. METHODS Corneal UBM (VevoMD; UHF70; VisualSonics) of horses with infectious corneal disease presenting to the North Carolina State University Equine Ophthalmology Service from 2019 to 2023 were evaluated. Size and depth of lesion, presence of Descemet membrane disruption (DMD), corneal thickness, and aqueous humor cell counts (AHCC) were assessed. Comparisons of UBM and clinical exam findings, presence of infectious organisms, and outcome (healed or enucleated) were performed. RESULTS The UBMs from 46 horses were evaluated. Increased AHCC was significantly associated with increased size and depth of corneal lesions on UBM but not with DMD. Deep lesions and DMD were significantly associated with an enucleation outcome. Horses treated with systemic antibiotics had significantly lower AHCC on UBM, but there were no differences in AHCC with the use of other systemic or topical medications. There was no significant correlation between infectious disease results, clinical findings (aqueous flare or cells), outcome, and UBM AHCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Parameters on UBM, such as depth of lesion, DMD, and AHCC, may be useful diagnostic and prognostic tools to augment the ophthalmic exam of horses with corneal disease. The UBM findings of deep corneal lesions and DMD suggest a poor prognosis and warrant aggressive surgical intervention.

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Relationship between stable management practices and ocular disease in horses

Ludwig,

Barr,

Gilger

2024

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryBackgroundOcular diseases are common in horses and their occurrence is frequently associated with trauma.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate how stable management practices, such as environment, feeding or use of fly masks, are related to the development of eye diseases, primarily corneal ulceration, in horses.Study designA survey of horse owners in the state of North Carolina was conducted and owners were asked how they managed their horses and the types of eye diseases the horses experienced.MethodsData collected included the primary environment of the horse (stable or pasture), type and method of feeding of hay, use of fly masks and eye diseases that the horses have developed. Correlations between management practices and eye disease were then performed.ResultsOf 446 horses, 161 (36% of total) had been diagnosed with a corneal ulcer, 44 (10%) had multiple occurrences of corneal ulcers, 65 [15%] horses had uveitis and 15 (3%) had immune‐mediated keratitis. Horses that were kept at pasture exclusively were significantly less likely to have had a corneal ulcer than horses kept in a combination of pasture and stalls (p = 0.04). Horses that wore the fly masks year‐round (p < 0.0001) and wore fly masks in both the pasture and stall (p = 0.01) were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple occurrences of corneal ulcers. There was no significant correlation between types of hay (p = 0.59) or how hay was fed (p = 0.49) with the occurrence of corneal ulceration or other ocular diseases.Main limitationsResults were based on horse owner responses and not medical professionals.ConclusionsHorses kept primarily at pasture have fewer ocular diseases, likely because they sustain less ocular trauma compared to horses kept in stables. How hay is fed does not correlate with the incidence of corneal or other ocular disease.

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Diseases of the Equine Cornea

Cited by 4 publications

References 463 publications

Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse

Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse

Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging parameters associated with outcome in equine infectious ulcerative keratitis and stromal abscesses

Relationship between stable management practices and ocular disease in horses

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