Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherm Studies of Cu (II) Adsorption from Waste Water onto Alkali Activated Oil Palm Ash

Abstract

<b>Problem statement: </b>Heavy metal accumulation in waste water could affect aquatic life,&#13; human health and overall ecosystem adversely. Therefore, in recent years much emphasis has been&#13; given for the use of industrial waste material as low cost adsorbents for removal of metallic&#13; contaminants from waste water. <b>Approach:</b> Present study deals with the adsorption equilibrium and&#13; kinetics of Cu (II) cation using sodium hydroxide activated Oil Palm Ash (OPA). Adsorption was&#13; investigated in a batch system with respect to various parameters such as initial metal ion&#13; concentration, contact time and pH of the solution. Surface characterization of the prepared adsorbent&#13; was done by using surface area analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray&#13; Fluorescence and compared with natural oil palm ash. The adsorption equilibrium data were best&#13; represented by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin model. Equilibrium kinetics studies were performed&#13; by Pseudo first order, Pseudo second order and Intra-particle diffusion. <b>Results:</b> Maximum monolayer&#13; adsorption capacity observed at 30°C was 18.86 mg g^&#8722;1. Kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo&#13; second order model, suggesting that the adsorption process might be chemical sorption. The linear&#13; plots of intra particle diffusion revealed that the adsorption process was mainly governed by pore&#13; diffusion. Equilibrium uptake was increased with increase of initial concentration and contact time.&#13; Experimental data showed that about 96.03% of copper can be removed at pH 5.5.<b> Conclusion:</b> The&#13; research concluded that activation by alkali treatment of natural OPA would produce sufficient&#13; porosities and surface area and it has got good potential to remove Cu (II) from waste water

Mathematical Modelling and Optimization for Facile Synthesis of Structured Activated Carbon (ACs) from Adansonia kilima (Baobab) Wood Chips Integrating Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis for the Elimination of Lead (II) Cations from Wastewater Effluents

“…The pH of the pollutant Pb (II) solution was fixed to 5.5 before agitation, and volume treated with 0.25 g of AKTWAC containing Pb (II) cations with a concentration of 100 mg/L was 50 mL until equilibrium time (6 h—after which carbon became exhausted and no further adsorption took place). The following equation [ 51 , 64 , 69 , 70 ] was used to determine the quantity of Pb (II) ions adsorbed onto the solid surface of ATWAC: where he quantity of cation loaded after the equilibration time is denoted by q e (mg/gm); C 0 represents the initial concentration Pb (II) cation; C e (mg/L) is the remaining liquid phase concentrations present after equilibrium is achieved; V (L) is the pollutant volume; and W (gm) denotes the weight of AKTWAC used. Based on Table 2 , the subsequent equation was used to calculate removal percentages under various experimental conditions [ 51 , 64 , 69 , 70 ]: …”

“…The pH of the pollutant Pb (II) solution was fixed to 5.5 before agitation, and volume treated with 0.25 g of AKTWAC containing Pb (II) cations with a concentration of 100 mg/L was 50 mL until equilibrium time (6 h-after which carbon became exhausted and no further adsorption took place). The following equation [51,64,69,70] was used to determine the quantity of Pb (II) ions adsorbed onto the solid surface of ATWAC:…”

Characterization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Rice Husk Biochars and Their Potential to Adsorb Arsenic and Cadmium

“…The high availability of these feedstocks, can be used as good sources for the biochar production. The applications of these biomasses as biosorbent in removing environmental pollutants in soil and aqueous solution also have been reported previously (Mahvi et al, 2004;Chowdhury et al, 2011;Hussaro, 2014). In addition, the conversion of EFB and RH biomasses to biochar can be an alternative to the sustainable management of the industrial waste.…”

An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction

“…However, studies on the use of oil palm biomass ash are quite flourishing. Among these, oil palm biomass ash has the potential to be used as a low-cost activated carbon or adsorbent for flue gas desulfurization [74], reactive dyes [75] and heavy metals such as copper, nickel and zinc [76][77][78]. Other research evaluated the suitability of oil palm ash as an ingredient or substitute component in concrete manufacturing.…”