Equilibrium composition, additive properties and stoichiometry

Abstract

Canada N2L 3G1Equilibrium Composition, Additive Properties and StoichiometryOne exception of long standing and general acceptance to the customary choice of rectangular Cartesian coordinates for presenting chemical data graphically is the use of trilinear coordinates for three-component phase diagrams.Such a diagram is derived by considering a triangular prism, the base of which is a composition plane with a point representing every possible mixture of the pure components located at the vertices. The top of the prism is in genera] a complicated surface. The altitude above the composition plane at each point represents the temperature at which the first solids will appear if a melt of that composition is cooled. In reducing this three-dimensional model to a two-dimensional plan, either contours at suitable temperature intervals or the valley-lines of the first-solids surface are projected down to the composition triangle.This communication arose from the initial thought that the formation of a complex AB (called for convenience of notation, C) from reagents A and B to the extent indicated by a formation constant dn and according to the equa-

Fluorinated Boroxin-Based Anion Receptors for Lithium Ion Batteries: Fluoride Anion Binding, Ab Initio Calculations, and Ionic Conductivity Studies

“…On the other hand, the dependence of Job's maxima on wavelength is indicative of the coexistence of more than one complex. 21,24,25 The Job's plots for PF, on the other hand, show deviations from 1:1 stoichiometry at different wavelengths, indicating the possibility of coexistence of more than one complex for PF (Figure 6C) (vide supra).…”

FerriCast: A Macrocyclic Photocage for Fe3+

“…When the perchlorate groups were replaced by chloride anions, Job’s analysis provided ambiguous information about the stoichiometry, which can be indicative of ill-defined complexes in solution. , Titration data with FeCl 3 modeled with the linear least-squares fitting program HypSpec ,, is suggestive of two complexes in solution with binding constants log β 11 = 5.5 ± 0.1 and log β 12 = 8.4 ± 0.1. Simulations with Hyss using the calculated binding constants for the 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with chloride anions reveal that the 2:1 species accounts for only a minor component (<2%) of the iron complexes in solution.…”

The Method of Continuous Variation: A Laboratory Investigation of the Formula of a Precipitate

“…The method of continuous variation, or Job’s method as it is commonly called, has been commonly used in laboratory experiments in instrumental analysis classes to determine metal-to-ligand ratios in complex formation reactions. − In the technique, the total amount of ligand and metal are held constant in a series of solutions of constant volume, whereas the individual amounts of ligand and metal are varied continuously. A physical property, such as the absorbance of the colored complex, is measured for every solution.…”