Equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers in magnetic fields

Zhou, Yanfen; Johnson, Mark R.; Wen, Shipeng; Betts, Anthony; Jerrams, Stephen

doi:10.1177/1045389x16657204

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Generally, the matrix should be highly elastic to allow the rearrangement of the particles under a magnetic field, and thereby to enhance the magnetic field induced mechanical properties of MREs. Consequently, silicone rubber and polyurethane, both with high elasticity, have been widely used as the matrix materials to fabricate various MRE composites [20][21][22]. In order to meet the likely requirement for mechanical strength in practical engineering applications, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and various polymer blends have also been used to fabricate MREs with improved mechanical properties [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fabrication and properties of magnetorheological elastomers employing bio-inspired dopamine modified carbonyl iron particles

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Smart Mater. Struct.

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To obtain magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with improved mechanical properties and exhibiting an enhanced magnetorheological (MR) effect, bio-inspired dopamine modification has been used to improve the functionality at the surface of carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Various techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm that a polydopamine (PDA) layer of about 27.5 nm had been successfully deposited on the surface of the carbonyl iron particles prior to their inclusion in the MRE composites. The magnetic properties of PDA modified CI particles were shown to be almost the same as those for untreated CI particles. With the introduction of a PDA layer to the surfaces of the particles, both the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the MREs were improved. Furthermore, the MRE composites filled with PDA-coated CI particles exhibited lower zero-field storage moduli but higher magnetic field induced storage moduli when magnetization saturation was reached. The absolute and relative MR effect for the MREs reached 0.68±0.002 MPa and 294% respectively, which were higher than those of MREs with pristine CI particles whose absolute and relative MR effect were 0.57±0.02 MPa and 187% respectively. The findings of this work provide insights into enhanced fabrication of MREs with both improved mechanical properties and magneto-induced performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fabrication and properties of magnetorheological elastomers employing bio-inspired dopamine modified carbonyl iron particles

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

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“…The images provided by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the internal surface of the MRE indicated the collapse of this surface in the presence of a repetitive magnetic field. Zhou et al 15 studied the equi-biaxial fatigue behavior of MREs by using the bubble inflation method in the presence of an external magnetic field and provided a fatigue theory based on maximum stress and strain energy density methods for the determination of fatigue life of MREs. The results presented in the form of Wohler curves, and it was found that the elastomer's fatigue life is greater with an external magnetic field than without an external magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading on the fatigue life prediction of a magnetorheological elastomer

Hosseini

Shojaeefard

Googarchin

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Prediction of fatigue life is particularly crucial in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) based rubber components, especially when are exposed to repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading. MREs are smart composites that contain soft elastomer matrix and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). In this research, silicon rubber was mixed with 20% of CIPs in the absence of an external magnetic field to produce MREs. Firstly, for the determination of material constants (including hyper elastic, magnetic, and viscoelastic), two types of tests such as uniaxial compression and relaxation, were performed on the samples. Then, fatigue tests were performed by a servo-hydraulic fatigue testing machine with cyclic loading in a repetitive magnetic field. Fatigue equations were obtained based on the number of fatigue life and maximum stress. The results confirmed that maximum stress could be used as a trustworthy fatigue life predictor for MREs when they are subjected to a combination of repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading. Scanning electron microscopy images from fatigue crack showed that the internal structure of MREs became stronger in the direction of the magnetic field. The maximum stress of the MRE was smaller in the absence of a magnetic field and decreased as the number of fatigue cycles increased with and without the magnetic field.

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“…Several works in technical literature (Li, 2013; Popp et al, 2009) are devoted to assess the MREs properties, especially as a function of the shear rate, focusing mainly on cyclic tests but scarce information is provided about their behavior up to failure, therefore the aim of this paper is to provide further information about the shear properties of MREs up to failure, since this important feature helps in the MREs based devices design. Only few works tackles the fatigue properties (Calabrò, 2011; Zhou, 2016; Zhou et al, 2017) mostly in biaxial condition while it is difficult to find information on the ultimate shear strength of MRE. This paper therefore investigates a MRE made from a silicone-elastomeric matrix, a combination already studied in literature, (Bellelli and Spaggiari, 2019; Choi et al, 2018), by considering several weight fractions, the applied magnetic field and the isotropicity of the material, by testing it dynamically at several shear rates and also up to failure, in order to estimate the effect of the variables on the material performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological elastomers characterization under shear loading up to failure: A magneto-mechanical multivariate analysis

Spaggiari

Bellelli

2020

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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This work analyses the shear behavior of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE), a class of smart materials which presents interesting magneto-mechanical properties. In order to determine the effect of several variables at a time, a design of experiment approach is adopted. A set of several samples of MRE was manufactured, by varying the weight fraction of ferromagnetic material inside the viscoelastic matrix and the isotropicity of the material, by adding an external magnetic field while the elastomeric matrix was still liquid. The mechanical behavior of each sample was analyzed by conducting cyclic tests at several shear rates, both with and without an external magnetic field. Moreover, in order to estimate the maximum shear stress, the specimens were loaded monotonically up to failure. Shear stiffness, maximum shear stress and specific dissipated energy were calculated on the basis of the experimental data. The results were analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess the statistical influence of each variable. The experimental results highlighted a strong correlation between the weight fraction of ferromagnetic material in each sample and its mechanical behavior. Moreover, the dissipated energy of the MRE drops down when the magnetic field stiffens the behavior or the shear rate increases. The ultimate failure shear stress is strongly affected by the external magnetic field, increasing it by nearly 50%. The ANOVA on the results provides a simple phenomenological model is built for each output variable and it is compared with the experimental tests. These models produce a fast and fairly accurate prediction of each analyzed response of the MRE under various shear rates and applied magnetic fields.

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Equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers in magnetic fields

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

The fabrication and properties of magnetorheological elastomers employing bio-inspired dopamine modified carbonyl iron particles

The fabrication and properties of magnetorheological elastomers employing bio-inspired dopamine modified carbonyl iron particles

The effect of repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading on the fatigue life prediction of a magnetorheological elastomer

Magnetorheological elastomers characterization under shear loading up to failure: A magneto-mechanical multivariate analysis

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