The effect of repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading on the fatigue life prediction of a magnetorheological elastomer

Hosseini, Seyyed Mohammad; Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan; Googarchin, Hamed Saeidi

doi:10.1177/00952443211038671

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nonuniform curvatures are demonstrated, which could be useful for designing and optimizing structures for patientspecific applications as part of future work. A cyclic use of the envision application will also be consider as the future work [46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling of a magnetoactive elastomer unimorph

Pan

Leng

Uitz

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) are capable of large deformation, shape programming, and moderately large actuation forces when driven by an external magnetic field. These capabilities enable applications such as soft grippers, biomedical devices, and actuators. To facilitate complex shape deformation and enhanced range of motion, a unimorph can be designed with varying geometries, behave spatially varying multi-material properties, and be actuated with a non-uniform external magnetic field. To predict actuation performance under these complex conditions, an analytical model of a segmented MAE unimorph is developed based on beam theory with large deformation. The effect of the spatially-varying magnetic field is approximated using a segment-wise effective torque. The model accommodates spatially varying concentrations of magnetic particles and differentiates between the actuation mechanisms of hard and soft magnetic particles by accommodating different assumptions concerning the magnitude and direction of induced magnetization under a magnetic field. To validate the accuracy of the model predictions, four case studies are considered with various magnetic particles and matrix materials. Actuation performance is measured experimentally to validate the model for the case studies. The results show good agreement between experimental measurements and model predictions. A further parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the magnetic properties of particles and external magnetic fields on the free deflection. In addition, complex shape programming of the unimorph actuator is demonstrated by locally altering the geometric and material properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling of a magnetoactive elastomer unimorph

Pan

Leng

Uitz

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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show abstract

“…These occurred due to the alignment of iron particles in the direction of magnetic exposure, thereby leading to a change in stiffness. Moreover, the study of the anisotropic material with loading-unloading cycles is important to establish their influence under compressive mechanical deformation [46]. Thus, Figure 5a,b shows the behavior of load-extension curves for EIPs and hybrid-filled MREs, respectively.…”

Section: Isotropic-anisotropic Properties Under Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Magneto-Mechanical Configurations with High Magnetic Sensitivity Based on “Gel-Type” Soft Rubber for Intelligent Applications

Kumar,

Park

2024

Gels

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“Gel-type” soft and stretchable magneto-mechanical composites made of silicone rubber and iron particles are in focus because of their high magnetic sensitivity, and intelligence perspective. The “intelligence” mentioned here is related to the “smartness” of these magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) to tune the “mechanical stiffness” and “output voltage” in energy-harvesting applications by switching magnetic fields. Hence, this work develops “gel-type” soft composites based on rubber reinforced with iron particles in a hybrid with piezoelectric fillers such as barium titanate. A further aspect of the work relies on studying the mechanical stability of intelligence and the stretchability of the composites. For example, the stretchability was 105% (control), and higher for 158% (60 per 100 parts of rubber (phr) of barium titanate, BaTiO3), 149% (60 phr of electrolyte iron particles, EIP), and 148% (60 phr of BaTiO3 + EIP hybrid). Then, the magneto-mechanical aspect will be investigated to explore the magnetic sensitivity of these “gel-type” soft composites with a change in mechanical stiffness under a magnetic field. For example, the anisotropic effect was 14.3% (60 phr of EIP), and 4.4% (60 phr of hybrid). Finally, energy harvesting was performed. For example, the isotropic samples exhibit ~20 mV (60 phr of BaTiO3), ~5.4 mV (60 phr of EIP), and ~3.7 mV (60 phr of hybrid). However, the anisotropic samples exhibit ~5.6 mV (60 phr of EIP), and ~8.8 mV (60 phr of hybrid). In the end, the composites prepared have three configurations, namely one with electro-mechanical aspects, another with magnetic sensitivity, and a third with both features. Overall, the experimental outcomes will make fabricated composites useful for different intelligent and stretchable applications.

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“…26 Numerous researchers [27][28][29][30][31][32] have studied a variety of hyperelastic constitutive models to describe the nonlinear elastic (time-independent) behavior of the elastomers. While many authors 33,34 have used rheological models like Maxwell model, Kelvin-Voigt model, Generalized Kelvin-Voigt model, and Generalized Maxwell model [35][36][37][38][39] to explain the time-dependent behavior of elastomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for elastomers: A case study of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and polychloroprene rubber

Dhakad,

Hipparkar,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Elastomer materials are widely used as shock absorbers in a variety of practical applications including the automotive, aerospace, marine industries and structures. The straightforward Hooke’s law is insufficient to adequately describe the behavior of elastomeric materials due to their nonlinear elastic and viscous properties. This study proposes a hyper-viscoelastic model to describe the mechanical behavior of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) 62 Duro shore A and Polychloroprene Rubber (PCR) 55 Duro shore A. Six distinct hyperelastic models—Yeoh, Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce, Mooney-Rivlin, Neo-Hookean, and Ogden— are compared herein to explain the nonlinear elastic behavior of elastomers. While the time-dependent characteristics of the considered materials have been described using the four parameters Generalised Maxwell (GM) model. The material parameters of models are determined using the least square fit (LSF) optimization algorithm from the uniaxial, planar, and stress relaxation test data. The stability and suitability of each hyperelastic model is assessed using the Drucker stability. The accuracy of each model is represented by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of curve fitting between theoretical and experimental data. On this basis, the Ogden order three ( N = 3) model and the four-parameter GM models are selected which well agreed with the experimental test data and they are integrated to generate the hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model. In addition, the hyper-viscoelastic model is used to simulate the HNBR and PCR dampers under shock load. The numerically generated response is finally compared with the experimental test result of natural rubber (NR) 60 IRH from the existing literature to confirm accuracy of the proposed model.

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The effect of repetitive magnetic and cyclic loading on the fatigue life prediction of a magnetorheological elastomer

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Analytical modeling of a magnetoactive elastomer unimorph

Analytical modeling of a magnetoactive elastomer unimorph

Stretchable Magneto-Mechanical Configurations with High Magnetic Sensitivity Based on “Gel-Type” Soft Rubber for Intelligent Applications

A hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for elastomers: A case study of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and polychloroprene rubber

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