Equations for Vapour Pressure Versus Temperature: Derivation and Use of the Antoine Equation on a Hand-Held Programmable Calculator

Abstract

The Antoine equation is a semi-empirical equation which expresses vapour pressure as a function of temperature. A new, rapid and highly accurate method for obtaining its three constants from experimental data is presented and applied to ethanol, water and 14 anaesthetic substances. Alternative vapour pressure equations are discussed and references for original temperature--vapour pressure data are summarized. A series of equations utilizing vapour pressure is detailed: these formulas are of use in both the practice and teaching of anaesthesia.

Gas Microbubbles in Biology: Their Relevance in Histology, Toxicology, Physiology, and Anesthesia

“…This hypothesis demands that volatile anesthetics equilibrate in vivo between liquid and gas phases, in keeping with the vapor-pressure curves reported by Rogers and Hill (1978). In support of this, the in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance uorine signal from halothane in anesthetized rats and rabbits was reported as having short (3.5 ms) T2 values ranging up to 43 ms (Evers et al 1987) and to 65 ms (James et al 1987).…”

“…The key descriptive terms used by Oberling and Rouiller are the words "clear" and "transparent," which describe liver specimens ladened with gas. Since CCl 4 boils at 76.2 ± C, not far from the boiling point of volatile anesthetics (Table 3), it must equilibrate into liquid and gas phases in vivo at body temperature (Rogers and Hill 1978). Vaporizing at a rate faster than the rate of its pulmonary clearance would result in an accumulation of gaseous CCl 4 in the hepatic parenchyma, where it could ll mitochondria and accumulate as transparent vacuoles, as is shown in Figure 2A and B. Mitochondria full of the inert CCl 4 gas might be unable to take up oxygen, which would lead to shutdown of aerobic metabolism, a shift to anaerobic metabolism, acidosis, cell death and, eventually, tissue necrosis.…”

“…Obviously, they cannot act as solids; neither could all inhalation anesthetics act in the form of liquids, because several agents, such as xenon, nitrous, oxide, and cyclopropane, are obligate gases at body temperature (see Boiling Points in Table 3). However, since vapor-pressure physics requires all volatile anesthetics to equilibrate into liquid and gas phases in vivo at body temperature (Rogers and Hill 1978), the author conceived the hypothesis that inhalation anesthetics may act in the form of gas microbubbles.…”

Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications

“…As it was strongly expected, both PcH/CNTs and triple-layer PcH-PES-PcH/CNTs nanocomposite membranes showed a similar surface contact angle of 144 • ± 2 • (Figure 8d), because the PES/CNTs layer is sandwiched between two layers of the PcH/CNTs. Higher hydrophobicity (higher contact angle values) is directly related to the presence of CNTs, which was proven to exhibit high hydrophobicity [54]. It is worth mentioning that besides the hydrophobic nature of the CNTs particles, the presence of the CNTs increased the surface roughness which resulted in an increase in hydrophobicity.…”

Isoflurane concentrations using uncompensated vaporisers within circle systems

“…The curve is generated by the Antoine equation and Fig. 4 shows such a curve generated for isoflurane produced using the methods of Rodgers and Hill [6]. The results of the bench tests in Fig.…”