Equally Super?: Gender-Role Stereotyping of Superheroes in Children's Animated Programs

Baker, Kaysee; Raney, Arthur A.

doi:10.1080/15205430709337003

Cited by 102 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This finding about superheroes is similar to that of Baker and Raney (2007) in their study of TV cartoon characters. Taken together, these findings suggest that as young boys color in coloring books, they see males depicted as forces in their world-wild, strong, powerful, adult-like, and heroic; whereas young girls see females as passive, vulnerable, childlike, and "only human."…”

Section: Stereotypes Predominate Especially For Femalessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, even with an uneven distribution of boy-directed and girl-directed coloring books, males were still more prevalent. This result has been found in many types of media including children's story and picture books (e.g., Gooden and Gooden 2001;Hamilton et al 2006;Kortenhaus and Demarest 1993;Oskamp et al 1996), children's television programs (e.g., Baker and Raney 2007;Frueh and McGhee 1975), and commercials aimed at children (e.g., Ruble et al 1981). On the other hand, in their coloring book analysis of human characters, Rachlin and Vogt (1974) found an almost equal representation of males and females.…”

Section: Males Are More Prevalentmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Children's television programs and advertising (e.g., Browne 1998;Nolan et al 1977;Ruble et al 1981;Wright et al 1995), cartoons (e.g., Baker and Raney 2007;Davidson et al 1979; Thompson and Zerbinos 1997), toys (e.g., Blakemore and Centers 2005;Rheingold and Cook 1975), textbooks (e.g., Purcell and Stewart 1990;Women on Words and Images 1972), and children's story and picture books (e.g., McDonald 1989;Oskamp et al 1996;Turner-Bowker 1996;Weitzman et al 1972) all have been extensively investigated, both in the past and more recently. However, coloring books have not undergone any recent analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coloring Within the Lines: Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Coloring Books

Fitzpatrick

McPherson

2009

Sex Roles

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Extensive research on print media for children such as storybooks reveals that gender stereotypes are prevalent; however, no systematic analysis of coloring books has been conducted since 1974. We analyzed 889 characters in 56 contemporary coloring books published in the United States and selected through stratified random sampling from one region of California, coding for prevalence of each gender, stereotypic gender roles, activity level, type, and age of character. As hypothesized, males were more active; gender stereotypes were common. Gender neutral behaviors were more likely to be done by males. Females were more likely to be depicted as children and humans; whereas males were mostly depicted as animals, adults, and superheroes. Results are discussed in terms of gender schema theory.

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Section: Stereotypes Predominate Especially For Femalessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Males Are More Prevalentmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coloring Within the Lines: Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Coloring Books

Fitzpatrick

McPherson

2009

Sex Roles

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“…Así, y a pesar de la existencia de importantes cambios, destaca la permanencia de una transmisión estereotipada de roles y características, ya sea a través del cine (Gauntlett, 2002), de la prensa y los espacios informativos (Gallego, 2007;Gómez-Escalonilla et al, 2008), de la programación infantil (Baker y Raney, 2007;Espinar, 2007) o de la publicidad, como veremos a continuación.…”

Section: Marco Teóricounclassified

Representaciones de género en la publicidad de alimentos: Un análisis de contenido

Ruiz

Díaz

2012

Cuestiones de género

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ResumenEl análisis de contenido del mensaje mediático desde una perspectiva de género cuenta ya con una abundante bibliografía. En el caso de la publicidad, gran parte de los estudios realizados se han centrado en muestras genéricas de contenidos publicitarios o en aquella publicidad tradicionalmente asociada a uno u otro género. Sin embargo, pocos autores han analizado los contenidos de género de la publicidad relativa a productos de alimentación, a pesar de la estrecha relación entre estructuras de género y los procesos sociales de compra y preparación de alimentos. En este ámbito se sitúa, precisamente, nuestra investigación. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran claras diferencias de género en las piezas publicitarias: tanto en términos de presencia cuantitativa como en la asignación de determinadas características. Palabras clave: Género, publicidad, alimentación, televisión, análisis de contenido. AbstractContent analysis of mass media messages from a gender perspective has a long tradition. With regard to advertising, much of the studies have focused on generic samples of advertising contents or on sectors traditionally associated with one or another gender. However, few authors have analyzed gender representations in food advertising, despite the close relationship between gender relations and social processes of buying and preparing food. This is, precisely, the field of our research. Some of the main results show clear gender differences in the advertisements: both in terms of quantitative presence and in the allocation of certain characteristics.

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“…Thus, according to Forbes Magazine, "the film [Iron Man 3] has been the top grosser of the summer, bringing in $1.2 billion at the global box office…It keeps the Marvel money train moving…" (Hughes, 2013). There is "a trend toward defining 'superheroics' in strictly traditional masculine terms" (Baker & Raney, 2007), and Iron Man 3, Man of Steel and Wolverine all represent images of the male superhero in which the protagonist demonstrates superhero characteristics through stereotypical masculine behavior. http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/08/07/from-the-purge-to-r-i-p-d-the-summer-in-hits-and-m isses/ (Accessed 23 August, 2013).…”

Section: Ideation Of Gender Mindscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Mindscapes and Symbols of Patriarchy in the Workforce to Explain Gendered Privileges and Rewards

Semali¹,

Shakespeare²

2014

IES

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In this article the authors contend that gender inequalities in occupational divisions of labor are better understood in reference to the concept of symbolic patriarchy. The conceptual framework is informed by social constructionist theories that view gender not merely in light of sexual or biological differences but as interwoven, fluid, and contesting boundaries of authority. The goal here is to locate the labyrinths of power and unequal treatment of women, evidenced through the "gender pay gap" and derived from the social landscapes and mindscapes of inequality. The study concludes that workforce-based privileges and rewards for men seem to be sustained and reinforced by patriarchal socio-cultural systems of inequality and domination that maintain visible and invisible mechanisms of power, privilege and influence in symbolic, figurative, and metaphoric cultural forms, rendering them the norm.

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Equally Super?: Gender-Role Stereotyping of Superheroes in Children's Animated Programs

Cited by 102 publications

References 35 publications

Coloring Within the Lines: Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Coloring Books

Coloring Within the Lines: Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Coloring Books

Representaciones de género en la publicidad de alimentos: Un análisis de contenido

Rethinking Mindscapes and Symbols of Patriarchy in the Workforce to Explain Gendered Privileges and Rewards

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