Equalization circuit topologies of lithium battery strings: a brief review

Abstract

Lithium batteries are widely applied in new energy vehicles and related energy storage industries due to their superior performance. The application of an equalization circuit can effectively reduce the inconsistency of the energy of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the battery pack. By reviewing the mainstream balanced circuit topology, this paper proposed the comments on the ideal balanced circuit structure in the future, which is expected to serve the construction of large-scale energy storage system in the energy Internet.

A Battery Cell Equalisation System Based on a Supercapacitors Tank and DC–DC Converters for Automotive Applications

“…The battery cell equalisation techniques have been an object of research in numerous studies in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The review of the primary equalisation circuits in [1] presents and compares capacitive and inductive energy storage, single and multi-tube flyback, and different DC-DC converter topologies.…”

“…The battery cell equalisation techniques have been an object of research in numerous studies in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The review of the primary equalisation circuits in [1] presents and compares capacitive and inductive energy storage, single and multi-tube flyback, and different DC-DC converter topologies. As the study concludes, further improvements to the battery cell equalisation system must be focused on circuit design, giving a reliable system; flexibility improvement, leading to easy expansion on a large scale; and overall efficiency increase.…”

A strong tracking adaptive fading‐extended Kalman filter for the state of charge estimation of lithium‐ion batteries

“…Also, they have other advantages, such as high voltage capacity, high recharge rate, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, wide working temperature range, zero-emission of hydrogen gas, lightweight with compact size, high recyclability, and low hysteresis. [3][4][5] The state of charge (SOC) is the ratio of the remaining useful capacity to the rated capacity of the lithium-ion battery, expressed as a percentage. 6 Accurate SOC estimation is of great significance to prevent damage to the battery and user.…”

“…They are preferred compared to batteries with other chemistries such as nickel‐cadmium (NiCad), nickel‐metal hydride (NiMH), and lead‐acid due to their high energy and power densities. Also, they have other advantages, such as high voltage capacity, high recharge rate, low self‐discharge rate, long cycle life, wide working temperature range, zero‐emission of hydrogen gas, lightweight with compact size, high recyclability, and low hysteresis 3‐5 …”