Epoxy resin flame-retarded via a novel melamine-organophosphinic acid salt: Thermal stability, flame retardance and pyrolysis behavior

Shen, Dan; Xu, Ying‐Jun; Long, Jia-Wei; Shi, Xiao-Hui; Chen, Li; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.10.025

Cited by 127 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Moreover, the phosphate derived from the decomposition of DOPO catalyzes the EP matrix, resulting in the formation of a dense char layer. This covers the EP matrix and delays the further reactions 27,36 . Meanwhile some of the chemical bonds in CK, such as the SH and NH bonds, break to release NH 3 , CO 2 , H 2 S, SO 2 , H 2 O, and other noncombustible gases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Chicken feather keratin (CK), a biomaterial that contains a large amount of nitrogen is extracted from chicken feathers and has significant potential for use as a flame retardant. In this study, CK and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added in different amounts to an epoxy resin (EP), and their flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects were studied. The results showed that CK

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Thereby, the EP matrix and the KC–Fe can form a char layer structure through an esterification reaction. On the other hand, iron oxides can also adsorb small molecules with poor thermal stability to form macromolecules with improved thermal stability, thereby forming a char layer structure that can effectively isolate the matrix from oxygen and flame contact stability [35]. Furthermore, the optimal ratio of APP to KC–Fe was explored, and all three EP composites with different ratios showed an enhanced char residue and a reduced maximum degradation rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a Carrageenan–Iron Complex and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for Waterborne Epoxy

et al. 2019

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A k-carrageenan–iron complex (KC–Fe) was synthesized by complexation between degraded KC and FeCl3. Furthermore, KC–Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were simultaneously added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance. The structure and properties of KC–Fe were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). The analysis showed that KC–Fe was successfully synthesized and exhibited good thermal properties with a 49% char residue at 800 °C. The enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of waterborne epoxy were evaluated using a limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94. Moreover, the flame retardancy of waterborne epoxy coated on a steel plate was also investigated using cone calorimetry. The results showed that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy blend exhibited the best flame retardancy when the mass ratio of APP and KC–Fe was 2:1. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) was decreased by 44% and 45%, respectively, which indicated good fire safety performance and smoke suppression properties. Analysis of the residual char using FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis (EDS) indicated that the action of KC–Fe was promoted by the presence of APP. The formation of a dense thermal stable char layer from an intumescent coating was essential to protect the underlying materials.

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“…The melamine derivatives and MCA were as synergetic agents for phosphorous-based FR polymers, particularly P–N-containing FR compounds, which exhibited promising improvement. 16−18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Pyrolysis Behavior, and Fire-Retardant Performance of Melamine Cyanurate@Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyl diphenol) Hybrid Nanosheet-Containing Polyamide 6 Composites

Malkappa

Ray

2019

ACS Omega

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A novel halogen-free highly cross-linked supramolecular poly(cyclotriphosphazene- co -4,4′-sulfonyl diphenol) (PZS)-functionalized melamine cyanurate (MCA) (MCA@PZS) hybrid nanosheet fire-retardant (FR) was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The polyamide 6 (PA6) composites comprising MCA, PZS, and the MCA@PZS hybrids were prepared via the melt-blending technique. The thermogravimetric analysis combined with FTIR and mass spectroscopy revealed that during thermal degradation, the PA6/MCA@PZS composites released less toxic gases and small organic volatile compounds than the neat PA6 and composites containing MCA or PZS solely. Moreover, compared to neat PA6, the PA6 composite with a 5 wt % MCA@PZS hybrid exhibited enhanced fire retardation properties, with a 29.4 and 32.1% decrease in the peak heat and total heat release rates, respectively. Besides, the PA6 composites with MCA@PZS-5% content achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Finally, based on the obtained results from gaseous and condensed phases, the possible mechanism responsible for improved FR properties of the PA6/MCA@PZS composites was proposed.

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Epoxy resin flame-retarded via a novel melamine-organophosphinic acid salt: Thermal stability, flame retardance and pyrolysis behavior

Cited by 127 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Synthesis of a Carrageenan–Iron Complex and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for Waterborne Epoxy

Thermal Stability, Pyrolysis Behavior, and Fire-Retardant Performance of Melamine Cyanurate@Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyl diphenol) Hybrid Nanosheet-Containing Polyamide 6 Composites

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