Epizootiology and Pathology of Juvenile Oyster Disease in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Ford, Susan E.; Borrero, Francisco J.

doi:10.1006/jipa.2001.5052

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the freshwater bivalve Anodonta grandis, after shell damage, hemocytes accumulated in the thickness of the altered mantle, where they were presumably responsible for regenerating the injured part of the mantle (Saleuddin 1967). Finally, in Crassostrea virginica affected by juvenile oyster disease (JOD), a disease characterised by a brown deposit of conchiolin on the inner layer of valves similar to BRD, hemocytes were observed on the conchiolin deposit and in the altered mantle by histology (Bricelj et al 1992, Ford & Borrero 2001. These 4 examples clearly show that hemocytes, although similarly localised in the subepithelial region of the repairing mantle, play different roles in addition to the transport of the mineral material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

Trinkler¹,

Bardeau²,

Marin³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The mineral phase of shell repair in the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease (BRD) was characterised at various scales and at various stages of shell repair by confocal Raman microspectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Spherulitic and quadrangular aragonite microstructures associated with polyene pigments were clearly observed. Von Kossa staining showed that at the beginning of shell repair, hemocytes are filled with insoluble calcium carbonate salts in all fluids and then are transported toward the extrapallial fluids and the repair sites. Our analyses suggest that after a Vibrio tapetis attack and BRD deposit some clams rapidly cover the deposit, resulting in a modification in the microstructure, which could be produced by the participation of both the mantle and hemocytes.KEY WORDS: Aragonite · Hemocytes · Shell microstructure · Calcium carbonate · Biomineralization · Mollusc · Raman microspectrometry · Scanning electron microscopy Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 93: 149-162, 2011149-162, al. 1989149-162, , Flassch et al. 1992. Landeda was the first Manila clam production site in France (Paillard et al. 1989, Flassch et al. 1992.Vibrio tapetis colonises the periostracum and inhibits the normal process of shell biomineralisation. The external response of the clam to the bacterial attack consists of a secretion of a brown organic matrix on the inner face of the shell, the well-known 'brown ring'. Immunological or PCR studies on the different physiological fluids of the clam have shown that, at later stages of the infection, V. tapetis invades the circulatory system (hemolymph) and the extrapallial fluids (Allam 1998, Allam et al. 2002, Paillard et al. 2006. At this advanced stage, clams often die from a hemolymphatic septicaemia. In some cases, clams recover by secreting a white shell layer on the brown organic matrix (Paillard & Maes 1995a,b). The bulk organic matrix associated with the shell repair has been recently characterised using Raman microspectrometry, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) microprobe analysis and organic matrix quantification (Trinkler et al. 2009(Trinkler et al. , 2010a. However, the mineral phase and the microstructure of repaired Manila clam shells, including those that exhibit a fully repaired shell, have not yet been studied. In the present study, experimental investigations have been performed on the microstructure and the nature of the calcium carbonate repair layer, using Raman microspectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular, Raman microspectrometry, a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, provides qualitative and quantitative information on organomineral composites (Urmos et al. 1991, Kontoyannis & Vagenas 2000, Withnall et al. 2003, Hedegaard et al. 2006, Carteret et al. 2009). A complementary characterisation using the Von Kossa stain, which is a stain specific for insoluble calcium salts, was performed on hemolymph and extrapallia...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

Trinkler¹,

Bardeau²,

Marin³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…elevated temperatures and salinities) have been reported to enhance JOD transmission under laboratory conditions (Lewis et al 1996, Paillard et al 1996. Larger oysters (> 25 mm shell height) are not as vulnerable as smaller juveniles (Davis & Barber 1994, Ford & Borrero 2001, nor is any species other than C. virginica affected.…”

Section: Abstract: Juvenile Oyster Disease · Jod · Roseovarius Oystementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher on the inner valve surfaces (Bricelj et al 1992, Davis & Barber 1994, Ford & Borrero 2001. Epizootics usually occur in the late summer months (Barber et al 1996, Boettcher et al 1999, Ford & Borrero 2001) and the associated water conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Abstract: Juvenile Oyster Disease · Jod · Roseovarius Oystementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epizootics usually occur in the late summer months (Barber et al 1996, Boettcher et al 1999, Ford & Borrero 2001) and the associated water conditions (e.g. elevated temperatures and salinities) have been reported to enhance JOD transmission under laboratory conditions (Lewis et al 1996, Paillard et al 1996.…”

Section: Abstract: Juvenile Oyster Disease · Jod · Roseovarius Oystementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most growers in this region deploy newly set juveniles in floating rafts and trays in waters that support rapid growth. An abrupt decrease in growth rate is usually the first indication of an impending epizootic, which in a period of only a few weeks may kill 90% or more of a first year's crop (Bricelj et al 1992, Davis & Barber 1994, Boettcher et al 1999, Ford & Borrero 2001. Typical JOD signs include uneven valve margins (which result from the cessation of growth and subsequent erosion of the uncalcified ventral margin of the right valve), mantle lesions, emaciated tissues and deposits of conchiolin ABSTRACT: Juvenile oyster disease (JOD) in Crassostrea virginica is caused by the marine bacterium Roseovarius crassostreae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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